Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

L Hubble and Chandra find supermassive blackholeduo byNASA − RayVillard ike two Sumo wrestlers squar- ing off, the closest confirmed pairofsupermassiveblackholes havebeenobservedintightproxim- ity.Thesearelocatedapproximately 300 light-years apart and were de- tected using NASA’s Hubble Space TelescopeandtheChandraX-rayOb- servatory. These black holes, buried deep within a pair of colliding galaxies, arefueledbyinfallinggasanddust, causingthemtoshinebrightlyasac- tive galactic nuclei (AGN). ThisAGNpairistheclosestonede- tected in the local universe using multiwavelength (visible and X-ray light) observations. While several dozen“dual”blackholeshavebeen foundbefore,theirseparationsare typicallymuchgreaterthanwhat was discovered in the gas-rich galaxy MCG-03-34-64. Astronomers using radio telescopes have ob- served one pair of binary black holesinevencloserproximitythan in MCG-03-34-64, but without con- firmation in other wavelengths. AGN binaries like this were likely more common in the early universe when galaxy mergers were more frequent. This discovery provides a unique close-up look at a nearby ex- ample, located about 800 million light-years away. The discovery was serendipitous. Hubble’s high-resolution imaging revealed three optical diffraction spikes nested inside the host galaxy, indicating a large concentration of glowing oxygen gas within a very smallarea. “Wewerenotexpecting to see something like this,” said Anna Trindade Falcão of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard &Smith- sonian in Cambridge, Massachu- setts, lead author of the paper published in The Astrophysical Jour- nal . “This view is not a common oc- currenceinthenearbyuniverse,and told us there’s something else going on inside the galaxy.” Diffraction spikes are imaging arti- factscausedwhenlightfromavery small region in space bends around the mirror inside telescopes. Falcão’s team then examined the samegalaxyinX-rayslightusingthe Chandra observatory to drill into what’s going on. “When we looked atMCG-03-34-64intheX-rayband, we saw two separated, powerful sourcesofhigh-energyemissionco- NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 8 ﻫﺎﺑﻞ وﺗﺸﺎﻧﺪرا ﻜﺘﺸﻔﺎن ـــﺎ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـــﻮب اﻟﺴـــﻮداء ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ رﺻﺪ أﻗﺮب ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻣﺼـﺎرﻋﻲ اﻟﺴﻮﻣﻮ ﰲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ . ﻳﻘـﻊ ﻫﺬان اﻟﺰوﺟﺎن ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘـﺎرب 300 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ وﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ . إن ﻫﺬ ه اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ا ﺪﻓﻮﻧـﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘـﺎ داﺧﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﺘﺼﺎدﻣﺔ ﺗ ﺘﻐـﺬى ﻋﲆ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬـﺎ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻖ وﺗﻠﻤﻊ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﺳـﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﻨـﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ . إن ﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸـﻄﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻷﻗﺮب اﻟـﺬي ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺤﲇ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أ رﺻﺎد ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة اﻷﻃـﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ ) اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ .( ﰲ ﺣ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋـﲆ ﻋـ ـ ﺜﻘـﻮب ﴩات اﻟ اﻟﺴﻮداء " ا ﺰدوﺟﺔ " ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺈن ا ﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻬﺑﻴﻨ ﺎ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮ ن أﻛـﱪ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﰲ ا ﺠـﺮة اﻟﻐﻨﻴـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺎز MCG- 03-34-64 ﻟ . ﻘــﺪ رﺻــﺪ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳـﺔ زوﺟـ ﺎً اً واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠـﻚ ا ﻮﺟـﻮدة ﰲ ا ﺠـﺮة MCG-03-34-64 وﻟﻜــ ﻦ دون ﺗﺄﻛﻴــﺪ ﰲ أﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى وﻣﻦ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋ ﺎً ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻛ ﺎﻧـﺖ اﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﺎت ا ﺠﺮات أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ . اً ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻧﻈﺮة ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺜﺎل ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﱄ 800 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ . ﻟﻘـﺪ ﻛـﺎن اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف . ﻣﺼﺎدﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻋـﺎﱄ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ اﻟﺬي اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺷـﻮاك ﺣﻴـﻮد ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ داﺧﻞ ا ﺠﺮة ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺸ إﱃ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻛﺒ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـﺎز اﻷﻛﺴـ ﺠ ـــــ ا ﺘﻮﻫﺞ داﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﺟﺪ . اً ﻗﺎﻟﺖ آﻧﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﻨﺪاد ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺎو ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴــﺔ | ﻫﺎرﻓــﺎرد وﺳﻤﻴﺜ ﺴــﻮﻧﻴﺎن ﰲ ﻛﺎﻣﱪﻳﺪج ﰲ وﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗﺸﻮﺳ ﺘﺲ ا ﺆﻟﻔـﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮرﻗﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ " : ﻟﻢ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ رؤﻳﺔ ﳾء ﻛﻬﺬا ." ﻫﺬا ا ﻨﻈﺮ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﺣـﺪﺛ ﺎً ﺎً ﺷـﺎﺋﻌ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ وأﺧﱪﻧﺎ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺷﻴﺌ ﺎً آﺧﺮ ﻳﺤـﺪث داﺧﻞ ا ﺠـﺮة ." اﺷـﻮاك اﻟﺤﻴـﻮد ﻫـﻲ اﺛـﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﺟﺪ اً ﻔﻀﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ء ﺣﻮل ا ـﺮآة داﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﺛﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺎﻟﻜـﺎو ﻧﻔـﺲ ا ﺠـﺮة ﰲ ﺿـﻮء اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺗﺸـﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤـﻖ ﰲ ﻣـﺎ . ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ إﱃ ا ﺠﺮة MCG-03- 34-64 ﻋﱪ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ رأﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﺼﺪرﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠ وﻗﻮﻳ ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻳﺘﺰاﻣﻨﺎن ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﻀـﻮﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﻃﻌﺔ ــــ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 : ﻘﻠﻢ راي ﻓ ﻼرد – و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ