Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

T 50 The most detailed infrared map ever of our Milky Way byESO − BárbaraFerreira stronomershavepublisheda giganticinfraredmapofthe MilkyWaycontainingmore than 1.5 billion objects ― the most detailedoneevermade.Usingthe European Southern Observatory’s VISTAtelescope,theteammonitored the central regions of our Galaxy overmorethan13years.At500tera- bytes of data, this is the largest ob- servational project ever carried out withanESOtelescope. “Wemadeso many discoveries, we have changed theviewofourGalaxyforever,” says DanteMinniti,anastrophysicistat his collage highlightsa smallselection of regions of the Milky Way imagedaspart ofthemostdetailedinfraredmapeverofourgalaxy.Herewesee,fromleftto rightandtoptobottom:NGC3576,NGC6357,Messier17,NGC6188,Messier22 and NGC 3603. All of them are clouds of gas and dust where stars are forming, except Messier 22, which is a very dense group of old stars. The images were capturedwithESO’sVisibleandInfraredSurveyTelescopeforAstronomy(VISTA) anditsinfraredcameraVIRCAM.Thegiganticmaptowhichtheseimagesbelong contains1.5billionobjects.Thedataweregatheredoverthecourseof13years aspartoftheVISTAVariablesintheVíaLáctea(VVV)surveyanditscompanion project,theVVVeXtendedsurvey(VVVX).[ESO/VVVXsurvey] ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋﲆ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 1.5 ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ﺟﺮﺳـﻢ ﺳـﻤﺎوي وﻫﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ راﻗﺐ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺪار أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 13 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣـ وﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام 500 ﺗ اﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا أﻛﱪ ﻣﴩوع رﺻﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃـﻼق ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻷوروﺑﻲ . ﻳﻘﻮل داﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ﻜﻴـﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ أﻧﺪرﻳﺲ ﺑﻴﻠﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ اﻟـﺬي ﻗـﺎد ا ﴩوع ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ " : ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت، ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏ ﻧﺎ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣ ﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ أدق ـﺨﺮ ﻄﺔ ﻟ ﺪر اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ ﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟـ ﻤﺮاء : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا - اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﺴــــــــــــﻠﻂ ﻫـــــــــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة اﻟﻤ ﻤﻌــــﺔ اﻟﻀــــــــــــــــــــــﻮء ﻋﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﻰ ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋــــــﺔ ﺻــــــﻐ ة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖﺻﻮرة ﻣــــﻦ ﻣﻨــــﺎﻃﻖﺻــــﻮرة ﻣﺠــــﺮة در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧــــﺔ ﺠــــﺰء ﻣــــﻦ ﺧﺮﻄــــﺔ اﻷﺷــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــــﺖ اﻟــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻷﻛــــ ﺗﻔﺼــــ ﻼً ﻋﻠــــﻰ اﻹﻃـﻼق ﻟﻤﺠــﺮ . وﻣــﻦ أﻋﻠــﻰ إﻟــﻰ أ ﻧــﺮىﻫﻨــﺎ ﻣــﻦ اﻟ ﺴــﺎرإﻟــﻰ اﻟ ﻤــ ﺳــﻔﻞ NGC3576 و NGC6357 و Messier17 و NGC6188 و Messier22 و NGC 3603 ـﺎرة ﻋـﻦﺳـﺤﺐ ﻣـﻦ و ﻠﻬـﺎ ﻋ ـﺎر اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐ ــﺚ ﺗﺘﺸـ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﺣ ﺎﺳــﺘﺜﻨﺎء Messier22 ــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﻘﺪ ﻤــﺔ وﻫــﻲ ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻛﺜ ﻔــﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ ﺗــﻢ . اﻟﺘﻘــﺎط اﻟﺼـــﻮر ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﻤﺴــﺢ اﻟﻤﺮـــﻲواﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑـــﻲ ـ اﻟــ ) ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ( ﻓ ﺴــﺘﺎ ـﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟــ و ـ ) ﻤﺮاء ــﺎم ﻓ .( ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي اﻟــ ـ ﺗﻨﺘﻤــﻲ ﺨﺮﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗــﺔ اﻟــ إﻟﻴﻬــــﺎ ﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــﻮرﻋﻠــــﻰ 1.5 ــــﺎر ﻣﻠ ﺟــــﺮمﺳــــﻤﺎوي . ﺗــــﻢ ﻤــــﻊ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧــــﺎت ﻋﻠــــﻰﻣــــﺪار 13 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣــــ ﺠــــﺰء ﻣــــﻦ ﻣﺘﻐ ات ﻓ ﺴﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺢ (VVV) ﻟﺪر اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ وﻣﺸﺮوﻋﮫ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻮ ) ﺳﻊ VVVX .(