Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

47 Hubble found twice as many novae going off near the jet as elsewherein the giant galaxy during the sur- veyed time period. Thejetislaunchedbya6.5-billion- solar-mass central black hole sur- roundedbyadiskofswirlingmatter. The black hole, engorged with in- falling matter, launches a 3,000- light-year-longjetofplasmablazing throughspaceatnearlythespeedof light. Anything caught in the ener- getic beam would be sizzled. But being near its blistering outflow is apparently also risky, according to the new Hubble findings. The finding of twice as many novae near the jet implies that there are twice as many nova-forming double- star systems near the jet or that thesesystemserupttwiceasoftenas similar systems elsewhere in the galaxy. “There’s something that the jet is doing to the star systems that wan- der into the surroundingneighbor- hood. Maybe the jet somehow snowplows hydrogen fuel onto the whitedwarfs,causingthemtoerupt morefrequently, ”saidLessing. “But it’snotclearthatit’saphysicalpush- ing. It could be the effect of the pressure of the light emanatingfrom the jet. When you deliver hy- drogen faster, you get eruptions faster. Something might be dou- blingthemasstransferrateontothe white dwarfs near the jet.” Another idea the researchers considered is that the jet is heating the dwarf’s companion star, causing it to over- flow further and dump more hydro- gen onto the dwarf. However, the researcherscalculatedthatthisheat- ing is not nearly large enough tohave this effect. “We’renotthefirstpeoplewho’ve saidthatitlookslikethere’smore activity going on around the M87 jet,” said co-investigator Michael Shara of the American Museum of NaturalHistoryinNewYorkCity. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 47 ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 7 ﺔ ﻧ ﻤﺒﺮ - ﺒﺮ 2 ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ أﻛﱪ ﺑﻤـﺮﺗ ﻣـﻦ أي ﻣﻜـﺎن آﺧـﺮ ﰲ ا ﺠﺮ ة اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﱰة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ . ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ 6.5 ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺎط ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة اﻟﺪواﻣـﺔ . ﻳﻄﻠــﻖ اﻟﺜﻘــﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد ا ﻤﺘﻠــﺊ ﺑﺎ ــﺎدة ا ﺘﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼزﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻬـﺎ 3000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﺘﻌﻞ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﺑـﴪﻋﺔ ﺗﻘﱰب ﻣﻦ ﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء وأيﳾء ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع اﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﺳﻮف ﻳﺤﱰق وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺒ ـﺪو أن اﻻﻗ ـﱰاب ﻣ ـﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻘ ـﻪ اﻟﺤ ـﺎرق ﻳﺒ ـﺪو أن اﻻﻗ ـﱰاب ﻣ ـﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻘ ـﻪ اﻟﺤ ـﺎرق ﻣﺤ ﻔـﻮف ﺑﺎ ﺨـﺎﻃﺮ أﻳﻀـﺎً وﻓﻘـﺎً ﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة . إن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺿﻌﻒ ﻋﺪد ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺿﻌﻒ ﻋﺪد اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺰدوﺟـﺔ ا ﻜﻮﻧ ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﺠﺪﻳ ـﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺔ أو أن ﻫـﺬه اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﺠـﺮ ﺑﻤﻌ ـﺪل اﻟﻀـﻌﻒ أﻛﺜ ـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ ـﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ا ﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﰲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ أﺧﺮى ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠـﻚ ا ﺠﺮة . ﻗﺎل أﻟﻴﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﻴﻨﺞ " : ﻫﻨـﺎك ﳾء ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗ ﺘﺠـﻮل ﰲ اﻟﺠـﻮار ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ورﺑﻤـﺎ ﺗﻘـﻮم اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ وﻗﻮد اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ إﱃ اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺴ ﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺛﻮراﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻜﺮاراً ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن ﻫﺬا دﻓﻊ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮن ﺗـﺄﺛ ﺿـﻐﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺔ . ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘـﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﺟ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﴎع ﻓﺈﻧـﻚ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺛﻮرات أﴎع ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﳾء ﻣﺎ ﻏ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻳﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ إﱃ اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ."