Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

represented in orange-red, shows star-forming regions and dust that is composed of soot-like organic moleculesknownaspolycyclicaro- matic hydrocarbons. MIRI also pro- vides a snapshot of the bright nu- cleusofthelargespiral,hometoa supermassive black hole. The spiral galaxy is classified as a Seyfert galaxy, one of the two largest groups of active galaxies, along with galaxies that host quasars. Seyfert galaxies aren’t as luminous and distant as quasars, making them a more convenient waytostudysimilarphenomenain lower energy light, like infrared. This galaxy pair is similar to the Cartwheel Galaxy, one of the first interacting galaxies that Webb ob- served. Arp 107 may have turned out very similar in appearance to theCartwheel,butsincethesmaller elliptical galaxy likely had an off- center collision instead of a direct hit, the spiral galaxy got awaywith only its spiral arms being dis- turbed.Thecollisionisn’tasbadas it sounds. Although there was star formation occurring before, colli- sions between galaxies can com- pressgas,improvingtheconditions needed for more stars to form. On the other hand, as Webb reveals, collisions also disperse a lot of gas, potentially depriving new stars ofthe material they need to form. Webbhascapturedthesegalaxiesin the process of merging, which will take hundreds of millions of years. Asthetwogalaxiesrebuildafterthe chaosoftheircollision,Arp107may lose its smile, but it will inevitably turn into something just as inter- esting for future astronomers to study.Arp107islocated465million light-years from Earth in the con- stellationLeoMinor.      ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أد اة ﻣـ ي ﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ا ﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﱄ واﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺴﺨﺎم وا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻄﺮﻳـﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة اﻟﺤﻠﻘـﺎت . ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ أداة ﻣـ ي ﺻـﻮرة ﴎﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻮاة اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴـﺔ اﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳ ﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ . ﺗُﺼﻨﻒ ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣﺠـﺮة ﺳﻴﻔ ت وﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أ ﻛﱪ ﻣﺠﻤـﻮﻋﺘ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻀﻴﻒ اﻟﻜـﻮازارات . ﻻ ﺗﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﻣﺠـﺮات ﺳﻴﻔ ت ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺳﻄﻮ ع اﻟﻜﻮازارات وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣـﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ، ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء . ﻳﺸﺒﻪ زوج ا ﺠﺮات ﻫـﺬا ﻣﺠـﺮة اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ ا ﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺿ ﻮء اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺜــﻞ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء . ان ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ا ﺠﺮات ﻫﺬا ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻣﺠـﺮة ﻋﺠﻠـﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑـﺔ وﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أوﱃ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ رﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب . وﻳﺐ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻈﻬـﺮ Arp 107 ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺟﺪ اً ﺠﺮة ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑـﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ اً ﻷن ا ﺠﺮة اﻹﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻴـﺔ اﻷﺻـﻐﺮ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻻﺻﻄﺪ ام ﺧ ﺎرج ا ﺮﻛـﺰ ﺑـﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦﴐﺑـﺔ ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻧﺠـﺖ ا ﺠـﺮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام وﻟﻢ ﻳﺘـﺄﺛﺮ ﺳـﻮى ذراﻋﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺘ . إن اﻻ ﺻـﻄﺪام ﻟـﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺒـﺪو ﻋـﲆ اﻟـ ﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺣـﺪوث ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒ ـﻞ ان إﻻ اﻻﺻﻄﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑ ا ﺠﺮات ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻀﻐﻂ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ؟ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺸـ ﻜﻞ ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ وﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻓـﺈن اﻻﺻـﻄﺪاﻣﺎت ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺜﺮة وﺗﺒﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺮم اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ة ﻣـﻦ ا ـﺎدة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻚ وﻗﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﻧـﺪﻣﺎج واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻣﺌﺎت ا ﻼﻳ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴ ﻨ وﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺪد ا ﺠﺮﺗﺎن ﺑ ﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻮﴇ اﻟﺘـﻲ أﺣـﺪﺛﻬﺎ اﺻﻄﺪاﻣﻬﻤﺎ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ Arp107 اﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﺘﺤﻮل إﱃﳾء ﻣﺜ ﻟﻌﻠ ﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﺪراﺳﺘﻪ . ﺗﻮﺟـﺪ Arp107 ﻋـﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ 465 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻷﺳﺪ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ . ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ؟ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4