Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

“Weknowthatthisgalaxydoesnot have Population III stars, because the Webb data shows too much chemical complexity. However, its starsaredifferentthanwhatweare familiar with – the exotic stars in thisgalaxycouldbeaguideforun- derstanding how galaxies transi- tionedfromprimordialstarstothe types of galaxies we already know,” said Katz. At this point, galaxy 9422 is one exampleofthisphaseofgalaxyde- velopment, so there are still many questionstobeanswered.Arethese conditions common in galaxies at this time period, or a rare occur- rence? What more can they tell us aboutevenearlierphasesofgalaxy evolution?Cameron,Katz,andtheir research colleagues are actively identifyingmoregalaxiestoaddto this population to better under- stand what was happening in the universewithinthefirstbillionyears after the big bang. “It’s a very exciting time, to be able to use the Webb telescope to ex- plore this time in the universe that was once inaccessible,” Cameron said. “We are just at the beginning of new discoveries and understand- ing.”     ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻧﺠﻮم ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻬـﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜـﺔ ﻷن ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﺗ ﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﻜﺜـ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ . ﻗﺎل ﻛﺎﺗﺰ ": وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻤـﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻓـﻪ - ﻓـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻟﻔﻬـﻢ أﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ا ﺠﺮات ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ إ ﱃ أﻧـﻮاع ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ". ﺗﻌﺪ ا ﺠﺮة 9422 ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻻً ﻣﺜﺎﻻً واﺣﺪ اً ﻋﲆ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠﺮات ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﻫﻨـﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ . ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﺮوف ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﱰة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ أم أﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺪث ﻧﺎدر؟ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ أن ﻳﺨﱪوﻧﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋـﻦ ا ﺮاﺣـﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮر ا ﺠﺮات؟ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻣ ون وﻛﺎﺗﺰ وزﻣﻼؤﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺑﻨﺸﺎط ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات ﻹﺿ ـﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻳــﺪ ا ﺰﻳ ـﺪ ﻣــﻦ ا ﺠــﺮات ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم ﺑ ﺈﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ﻟﻔﻬﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺤﺪث ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﺧﻼل ا ﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺣـﺪوث اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ . ﻗﺎل ﻛﺎﻣ ون " إﻧﻪ وﻗـﺖ ﻣﺜـ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ أن ﻧ ـﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣــﻦ اﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب وﻳــﺐ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺬي ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ . ﻧﺤﻦ ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت وﻓﻬﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ ." GS-NDG-9422