Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

The Rosette Nebula’s bright and glowing features are certainly strik- ing; but its dark and shadowy fea- tures also command attention. Around the nebula’s excavated nu- cleusisastringofdarkcloudsdubbed ‘elephanttrunks,’so-namedbecause oftheirtrunk-likepillars.Thesestruc- turesareopaquebecausetheycon- tainobscuringdust,andtheylinethe borderbetweenthehotshellofion- ized hydrogen and the surrounding environmentofcoolerhydrogen.As theshellexpandsoutwardsitencoun- terscoldandclumpygasthatresists itspush.Thiscreatesthelongandex- tended trunks whose lengths point likefingerstowardsthecentralclus- ter.Oneofthesedarkfeaturesisthe WrenchTrunk,itsclaw-likeheadseen towardstheupperrightofthecen- tralcluster.Unliketheprototypical PillarsofCreationtrunkswhichstand likestraightcolumns,theWrench’s ‘handle’hasanunusualspiralshape whichtracesthemagneticfieldofthe nebula.Lessobviousbutequallyin- teresting are the dark globulettes. Sometimes round and sometimes teardrop-shaped, these diminutive blobs of dust are smaller than the betterknownglobulesatonlyafew timesmoremassivethanJupiter.A stringofthemcanbeseennearthe Wrench Trunk, but hundreds more dottheentireRosetteNebula.These globulettesmayhostbrowndwarfs and planets within them. Likeallroses,theRosetteNebulawill notlastforever,forthesamestarsit birthed will also bring about its death. In roughly 10 million years the radiation from the hot, young starsoftheNGC2244clusterwill have dissipated the nebula. By then the rosette will no longer be, and its massive stars will be left without their parent cloud. This huge 377-megapixel image is being released in celebration of NOIRLab’sfifthanniversary.On1Oc- tober2019NOIRLab’sfiveprograms — Cerro Tololo Inter-American Ob- servatory, the Community Science and Data Center, the International Gemini Observatory, Kitt Peak Na- tional Observatory and Vera C. Rubin Observatory — were brought togetherunderoneorganization.In the years since, NOIRLab’s world- classtelescopeshavecontributedto many discoveries and countless press releases, and produced an impres- sive collection of stunning astro- nomical images showcasing our diverseandcolorfulUniverse.     ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 24 ُﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﺘﻄﻒ ﻌﺾ اﻟﻤ ات ﻓﻲﺳﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻮردة . ﺗُﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰﻣ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ـﺔ ﻓـﻲﺳـﺪ ﻢ اﻟـﻮردة، NGC2244 . أﻣـﺎ اﻟ ﻘﻌـﺔ اﻟﻀ ﺎﺑ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺴﺪ ﻢ ﻓﻬﻲﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻟﺸﺎب ) YSO ( ،) RosetteHH1 (1 . إن ﻧﺠﻮم YSOs ﻫﻲ ﻧﺠﻮم ﻓﻲﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮرﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺠﻮﻣًﺎ ﻓﻲ ــﺔ اﻟﻘﻄــﺐ ًــﺎ ﻣــﺎ ﺗﻈﻬــﺮﺧﺼــﺎﺋﺺﻣﺜــﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛــﺎت واﻟﺘــﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﻏﺎﻟ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴــﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺴــﻲواﻟــ ــ واﻷﻗــﺮاص اﻟ ﻮﻛﺒ ــﺪ ــﻢ ﺟﺪ ــﺔ وﻣﺆﺷــﺮات أﺧــﺮىﻋﻠــﻰوﻻدة ﻧ ﺔ اﻷوﻟ . ﺗﺤــ ﻂ ﺎﻟﻨﻮاة اﻟﻤﺠﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺪ ﻤ ﺔ ﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ اﻟ " ﺧﺮﻃﻮم اﻟﻔﻴﻞ " ﺗﺸ ﮫ ﺳﻤ ﺖ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻﺳﻢ ﺴ ﺐ أﻋﻤﺪﺗﻬﺎ اﻟ واﻟ اﻟـﺨﺮﻃﻮم )2,4 .( إﺣـﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺧﺮﻃـﻮم ﻟـﻮﻟ )3 .( ﻋﻠـﻰﻋﻜـﺲأﻋﻤـﺪة اﻟـ ـ ﺨﻠﻖ اﻟـ ﺗﻘـﻒﻣﺜـﻞ اﻷﻋﻤـﺪة اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘ ﻤﺔ، ﻓـﺈن " ﻣﻘـ ﺾ" اﻟــﺨﺮﻃﻮم اﻟﻠـﻮﻟ ﻟـﮫ ﺷـ ﻞ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧـﻲﻏـ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴﻲ ﻟﻠـﻨ ﻢ ﻋﺎد . ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ، واﻟﻤﺜ ﺘـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮب ـﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤـﺔ اﻟـ ﺗـﻢ اﻟﺘﻘـﺎطﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻓ ﻜﺘﻮرم . ﻼﻧ ﻮ ٤ أﻣﺘﺎراﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆ ﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺎﻟﻮﻻ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ وﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻠﻲ وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﻤﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب . ] CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA−Image Processing:T.A.Rector( UniversityofAlaskaAnchorage/NSFNOIRLab),D.deMartin&M.Zamani(NSFNOIRLab [( إن اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ وا ﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ ﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻮردة ﻣﺬﻫﻠ ﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﺄﻛﻴـﺪ؛ وﻟﻜـﻦ ﺳـﻤﺎﺗﻬﺎ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ واﻟﻈﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﻠﻔﺖ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه أﻳﻀًﺎ . ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮاة ا ﺤﻔﻮرة ﻟﻠﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﺪاﻛﻨـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻄﻠـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺧﺮﻃﻮم " اﻟﻔﻴﻞ " وﻗﺪ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻬـﺬا ا ﻻﺳـﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﻋﻤﺪﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮم اﻟﻔﻴﻞ . ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻣ ﻌﺘﻤﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﺘﻢ وﺗﺼﻄﻒ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤـﺪود ﺑـ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺴــﺎﺧﻦ ﻟﻠﻬﻴــﺪروﺟ ا ﺘــﺄﻳﻦ واﻟﺒﻴﺌــﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑـﺮودة وﻣـﻊ ﺗﻤﺪد اﻟﻐﻼف إﱃ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻳﻮاﺟﻪ اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﺒﺎرد ا ﺘﻜﺘﻞ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻘـﺎوم دﻓ ﻪﻌـ وﻫـﺬا ﻳﺨﻠـﻖ ﺧﺮاﻃﻴﻢ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﻣﻤﺘﺪة ﺗﺸ أﻃﻮاﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﺤ ﻮ ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺑـ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ا ﻈﻠ ﻤﺔ ﺧﺮﻃﻮم ﻟﻮﻟﺒﻲ ، اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻈﻬﺮ رأﺳﻪ اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺨﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﺗﺠـﺎه أﻋـﲆ ﻳﻤ ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ . وﺧﻼﻓًـﺎ ﻻﻋﻤـﺪة اﻟﺨﻠـﻖ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻤﺘـﺪ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺴـﻘﻴﻢ ﻓـﺈن ــــــــ ﻓﺎن اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮم ﻟﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻲ ﻏ ﻋﺎدي ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ا ﺠﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴ ـ ﴘ ﻟﻠﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ وﻣـﻦ اﻷﻗـﻞ وﺿـﻮﺣ ﺎُ وﻟﻜﻨﻬــﺎ ﻣﺜـ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤـﺎم ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﺪر ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﺮات اﻟﺪاﻛﻨﺔ . أﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮ ن ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮة وأﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺷـﻜﻞ دﻣﻌـﺔ وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻐﺒﺎر أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﺮات اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻬﺮة وﻫﻲ أﻛﱪ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺸﱰي ﺑﺒﻀﻊ ﻣﺮات ﻓﻘﻂ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ر ؤﻳﺔ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮم وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻣﺌـﺎت أﺧـﺮى ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﰲ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻮردة ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻗـﺪ ﺗ ﻀـﻢ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻜــﺮات اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴــﺔ اﻷﻗــﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴــﺔ واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ . ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻮرود ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟـﻮردة إﱃ اﻷﺑـﺪ ﻷن ﻧﻔــﺲ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟ ﺘـﻲ ﻳﻮﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺆدي أﻳﻀًﺎ إﱃ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻔﻲ ﻏ ﻓ ﻀﻮن 10 ﻣﻼﻳ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـ ﺎً ﻓـﺎن اﻹﺷـﻌﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸـﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻮد NGC2244 ﺳﺘﺘﺒﺪد اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ . ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻮردة ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻵن وﺳﺘُﱰك ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ ﺑـﺪون اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻷم . ﺗﻢ إﺻﺪار ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ 377 ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﻜﺴـﻞ اﺣﺘﻔـﺎﻻً ﺑﺎﻟـﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺴـﻨﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺳ ﻴﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﰲ اﻷول ﻣﻦ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2019 وﻗﺪ ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﺑـﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺨﻤﺴـﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺳ رو ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ و ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم واﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ا ﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ وﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ وﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻓـ ا ﳼ روﺑـ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة . ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻠـﺖ ذﻟـﻚ ﺳـﺎﻫﻤﺖ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ذات ا ﺴـﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎ ﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت واﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺼ ﻰـ وأﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ راﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌـﺮض ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻨﺎ ا ﺘﻨﻮع واﻟﺰاﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻟﻮان .