Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

Webb peers into the outskirts of our MilkyWaygalaxy byNASA/ESA/CSA Abigail Major ChristinePulliam stronomershavedirected NASA’sJamesWebbSpace Telescopetoexaminethe outskirts of our Milky Way galaxy. ScientistscallthisregiontheEx- tremeOuterGalaxyduetoitsloca- tionmorethan58,000light-years awayfromtheGalacticCenter.(For comparison,Earthisapproximately 26,000light-yearsfromthecenter.) AteamofscientistsusedWebb’s NIRCam(Near-InfraredCamera)and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) to imageselectregionswithintwomo- lecularcloudsknownasDigelClouds 1and2.Withitshighdegreeofsen- sitivity and sharp resolution, the Webb data resolved these areas, whicharehoststostarclustersun- dergoingburstsofstarformation,in unprecedenteddetail.Detailsofthis dataincludecomponentsofthe clusters such as very young (Class 0) protostars, outflows and jets, and distinctive nebular structures. These Webb observations, which came from telescope time allocated toMikeResslerofNASA’sJetPropul- sionLaboratoryinCalifornia,areen- abling scientists to study star for- mationintheouterMilkyWayin the same depth of detail as observa- tionsofstarformationinourown ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 18 " و ﺐ" ﻨﻈﺮإﻟﻰ ﺿﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺮ ﻨﺎ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ أﺑﻴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺠﻮر و ﺑﻮﻟ ﺎم ﻛﺮﺴﺘ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻗﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮبﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻟﻔﺤـﺺ أﻃﺮاف ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ وﻳﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﻋﲆ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﺳـﻢ ا ﻨﻄ ﻘـﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة ﻧﻈﺮ اً ﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﺑﻌـﺪ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ 85000 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ا ﺠـ ﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ و ﺗﺒﻌﺪ اﻷرضﺣﻮاﱄ 26 أﻟﻒ ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ وﺟﻬـﺎز اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻮء، ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﺎرة داﺧﻞ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺘ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻴﺘ ﺗﻌﺮﻓـﺎن ﺑﺎﺳــﻢ ﺳــﺤﺎﺑﺘﻲ دﻳﺠــﻞ 1 و 2 وﺑﻔﻀــﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ودﻗﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﺎدة ﺗﻤﻜﻨـﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻣـﻦ ﺬه ﻫـ ﻓﺤـﺺ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻀﻴﻒ اﻟﺤﺸـﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ و اﻧﻔﺠــﺎرات اﻟﻨﺠ ـﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠ ـﺔ اﻟﻨﺸــﻮء ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴ ﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﺟـﺪ اَ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻤﻴﺔ ا ﻤﻴﺰة . ا) ﻟﻔﺌﺔ 0 ( واﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت واﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت واﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛـﻞ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻤﻴﺔ ا ﻤﻴﺰة . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻋﱪ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺗﻪ ا ﺘﻄﻮرة ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب واﻟﺬي ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺼـﻪ ﺎﻳﻚ رﻳﺴﻠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﺎث ا ﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴـﺎ واﻟـﺬي اﻋﻄـﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻟ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﻤـﻖ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ أرﺻـﺎد ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﺟﻮارﻧﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ .