Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

honored KPNO’s privilege of con- ducting research on I’oligam Du’ag (Kitt Peak), a mountain sacred to the Tohono O’odham Nation. To this day, visits and tours of the mountain are free for Nation mem- bersandnativecraftsarestillsoldin the Gift Shop. “The Tohono O’od- ham Nation united with Kitt Peak National Observatory for the educa- tionofthepeople,andtheirland agreementbroughttwoculturesto- gether — one with ancient roots here in the southwest, the other withmoderneyesontheUniverse,” saysVivianSegundo,KPVCGiftShop Assistant Manager and member of theTohonoO’odhamNation. “Since the beginning, the Visitor Center hasaimedtoshowcasethisrelation- shipandeducatevisitorsaboutthe culturalsignificancethatthenight sky has for the Nation.” To connect people with astronomyat Kitt Peak, KPVC hosts daytime tours of three of the observatory’s largest telescopes: the Nicholas U. Mayall 4- meter telescope, the KPNO 2.1- metertelescope,andtheMc- Math-Pierce Solar telescope. These docent-led tours take visitorsthrough the awe-inspiring science and storied past of these historic telescopes. Throughout the years KPNO has kept up with, and been an active participant in, the evolving land- scape of astronomy and astro- physics.Whentheobservatoryfirst opened,humanshadn’tevensetfoot ontheMoon.Infact,theApolloas- tronautscametoKPNOtotrainand locate their landing areas on the Moon’s surface. Some of the frontline science dis- coveries and milestones made pos- siblebythetelescopesatKPNOare NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2024 أﻋﻀــــــﺎء ـ ﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟـــــــ ﻤﻬﻮرو وﺳـــــــﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋـــــــﻼم اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـــــﺔ ﻘﻮﻣـــــﻮن ﺑﺰ ـــــﺎرة ــــــﻚ ـــــﺖ ﺑ ﻣﺮﺻـــــﺪ ﻛ اﺣﺘﻔــــــــﺎﻻً اﻟــــــــﻮﻃ ﻟﻤﺮﻛــــــــﺰ ﺎﻟــــــــﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺴــــــــﺘ اﻟﺰوار ﺘﺎر ﺦ 27 ﺳ ﺘﻤ 2024 . ] NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/ R. Sparks [ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎز ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺑـﺈﺟﺮاء أﺑﺤﺎث ﻋﲆ ) ﻗﻤﺔﻛﻴﺖ ( وﻫﻮ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺪسﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻫﻮﻧﻮ اودﻫﺎم . ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻟﺰﻳﺎرات واﻟﺠـﻮﻻت ﰲ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻷﻣﺔ وﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻟﺤـﺮف اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺗُﺒﺎع ﰲ ﻣﺘﺠﺮ اﻟﻬﺪاﻳﺎ . ﺗﻘﻮل ﻓﻴﻔﻴﺎن ﺳﻴﻐﻮﻧﺪو ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺮ اﻟﻬﺪاﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟـﺰوار ﺑﻤﺮﺻـﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ وﻋﻀﻮ ﰲ أﻣﺔ ﺗﻮﻫﻮﻧﻮ أودﻫﺎم ﺪـﻟﻘ : " اﺗﺤﺪت أﻣﺔ ﺗﻮﻫﻮﻧﻮ أودﻫﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ــ ﺑﻴﻚ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس وﻗﺪ أدى اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ اﻷرض إﱃ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘ واﺣﺪة ذات ﺟﺬور ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ اﻷﺧﺮى و ﻣﻊ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻫﺪف ﻣﺮﻛﺰ زوار ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺮض ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ وﺗﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟـﺰوار ﻦ ﻣـ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﻻﻋﻤـﺎر ﺣـﻮل اﻷﻫﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴـ ﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬـﺎ ﺳـﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﻟﻸﻣـﺔ ﻟـو ﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻨـﺎس ﺑﻌﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ . ﻳﺴﺘﻀﻴﻒ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺰوار اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﺠـﻮﻻت اﻟ ﻨﻬﺎرﻳﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻛﱪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ا ﺮﺻـﺪ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻس ﻳـﻮ . ﻣﺎﻳـﺎل اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻗﻄﺮه 4 أﻣﺘﺎر وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ( ﻛﺒﻨـﻮ ) 2.1 اﻣﱰ وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻣﺎﻛﻤﺎ ث اﻟﺸﻤـﴘ إن . ﻫـﺬه ـ اﻟﺠ ﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻮدﻫﺎ ﻋـﺪد ﻣـﻦ ا ﺮﺷـﺪﻳﻦ ا ﺘﻤﺮ ا ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻟﺰوار ﻋﱪ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ا ﺬﻫﻞ وا ﺎﴈ ا ﻟﻌﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ واﻛﺐ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ ا ﺸـﻬﺪ ا ﺘﻄ ﻮر ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﻛـﺎن ﺎً ﻣﺸﺎرﻛ ﺎ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻧﺸﻄ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻨ . ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح ا ﺮﺻﺪ ﻷول ﻣـﺮة ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ اﻟﺒﴩ ﻗﺪ وﺻﻠﻮا إﱃ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺑﻞ ﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗ اﻟ ﺟﺎء ﺮواد ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ أﺑﻮﻟﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ إﱃ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻴـﺎم ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﺪرﻳﺐ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﺒﻮﻃﻬﻢ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻌـﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ . ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴـﺎً ﺗﻮﺻـﻞ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ـﻚ ﻟﻌـﺪد ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻬﺎﻣﺔ وا ﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺒـﺎرزة اﻟﺘــﻲ أﺻـﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻨ ـﺔ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﰲ ﻣ ﺮﺻـﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ