Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2024 ARABIC VERSION

Kitt Peak VisitorCenter marks 60years byNOIRLab − JosieFenske ittPeakVisitorCenter(KPVC) is the public’s gateway to the groundbreaking science being conductedattheU.S.NationalSci- enceFoundationKittPeakNational Observatory (KPNO), a Program of NSFNOIRLab.Overthepastsix decades,morethantwomillionvisi- tors have joined in KPVC programs to learn about Kitt Peak’s suite of world-classtelescopesandtheircon- tributiontohumanity’s understand- ing of the Universe, and to partici- pate in daytime guided tours and nighttime stargazing programs. Tocelebratethismomentousocca- sion, daytime tours and nighttime observingprogramswereofferedto the public at discounted rates for theday,matchingthoseoffered60 years ago in 1964. KittPeakNationalObservatorywas foundedin1958andishometoone of the largest collections of optical and radio telescopes in the world. The observatory’s location high atopamagnificentskyislandinthe Sonoran Desert near Tucson, Ari- zonawascarefullychosentoenable itstelescopes’missionstostudythe Sun and night sky. The land was leased by tribal elders of the To- hono O’odham Nation, which owns the land. As such, the relationship between KPNO and the Nation has beenafocalpointofKPVCsince its NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2024 K ﻌـﺪ ﻣﺮ ﻛﺰ زوار ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑـﺔ اﻟﺒﻮاﺑـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺮاﺋـﺪ اﻟـﺬي ﻳـﺘﻢ إﺟـﺮاؤه ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة وﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺨﺘـ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ وﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺪار اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﺴـﺘﺔ ا ﺎﺿـﻴﺔ اﻧﻀـﻢ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ زا ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺋﺮ إﱃ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ زوار ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺑﻬﺪف ا ﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﲆ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ذات ا ﺴﺘﻮى ا ﺘﻄﻮر وﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻟ ـ ﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺒ ﴩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن وا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺠﻮﻻت اﻹرﺷـﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎرﻳـﺔ وﺑ ﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ وﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔـﺎل ﺑﻬﺬه ا ﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﺟـﻮﻻت ﻧﻬﺎرﻳﺔ وﺑـﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ ﻟ ﻴﻠﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬـﻮر ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر ﻣﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﻮم ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻋُﺮﺿﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ 60 ﻋﺎﻣ ﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺎم 1964 . ﺗﺄﺳﺲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﰲ ﻋﺎم 1958 وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻹﺣﺪى أﻛﱪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑ ﺎت اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺔ واﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ . ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ا ﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮاء ﺳﻮﻧﻮران ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻮن ﺑﻮﻻﻳـﺔ أرﻳﺰوﻧـﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳـﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻜ ـ اﻟ ﺒﻌﺜ ـﺎت ﻣ ـﻦ دراﺳـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ و اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗـﻢ اﺳـﺘﺌﺠﺎر اﻷرض ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮخ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ أﻣﺔ ﺗﻮﻫﻮﻧﻮ أودﻫﺎم ﻲ وﻫ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺠﻤـﻊ ﺷـﻌﺐ اﻟﺘﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﻮﻧﻮ اﻷرض وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ وا ﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺔ ﺮﻛﺰ زوار ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺬ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻪ . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻣﺮﻛﺰزوارﻛ ﺖ ﺑ ﻚ ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﻤﺮور 60 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ – ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 12