Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

N Astronomers find progenitor of magnetic monster by NOIRLab Charles Blue eutron stars, the compact re- mains of a massive star fol- lowing a supernova explosion, are the densest matter in the Uni- verse. Some neutron stars, known as magnetars, also claim the record for the strongest magnetic fields of any object. How magnetars, which are a mere 15 kilometers across, form and produce such colossal magnetic fields remains a mystery. New observations by a team of as- tronomers, including NSF’s NOIR- Lab’s André-Nicolas Chené, may shed important light on the origin of these magnetic powerhouses. Using various telescopes around the globe, including the Canada-France- Hawai‘i Telescope (CFHT) on Mau- nakea, the researchers have identified a new type of astronomi- cal object — a massive magnetic he- lium star (an unusual variant of a Wolf-Rayet star), which may be the precursor of a magnetar. “For the first time, a strong mag- netic field was discovered in a mas- sive helium star,” said Chené. “Our study suggests that this helium star will end its life as a magnetar.” Despite having been observed for more than a century by as- tronomers, little was known about NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 50 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻳﺠﺪونﺳﻠﻒ اﻟﻮﺣﺶاﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴﻲ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ ﻠﻮ – ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ـــــــــ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺒﻘﺎﻳﺎ ا ﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺿﺨﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻫﻲ و ا ﺎدة اﻷﻋﲆ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻴــﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓــﺔ ﺑﺎﺳــﻢ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ أﻳﻀـ ﺎً اﻟـﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎﳼ ﻷﻗﻮى ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻷي ﺟ اﻣﺎ . ﺴﻢ ﺗ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫـﺎ 15 ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰاً ﻓﻘـﻂ وﺗﻨـﺘﺞ ﻫـ ﺬه ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻓـ ﻼ ﻳـﺰال ــــ ـ . ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺎً اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮاﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ أﻧﺪرﻳـﻪ ﻧﻴﻜـﻮﻻ ﺗﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺿﻮء اً ﻣﻬﻤـ ﺎ ﻋـﲆ أﺻﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ . ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎ ت ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻛﻨﺪا ﻧﺴﺎ ﻓﺮ ﻫـﺎواي ا ﻮﺟـﻮد ﺟﺒـﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻮﻧﺎﻛﻴـﺎ ﺣـﺪد اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻧﻮﻋـ ﺎً ﺟﺪﻳﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻷ ﺟﺮام اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻫﻴﻠﻴـﻮم ــــ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﺿﺨﻢ ) ﻧـﻮع ﻏـ ﻋـﺎدي ﻣـﻦ م ووﻟـﻒ ﻮ ﻧﺠ - ( راﻳـﺖ واﻟـﺬي ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴ .ﴘـ ﻗـﺎل ﺗﺸـﻴﻨﻲ : " ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﺠﺎل ﴘ ـ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴـ ﻗﻮي ﰲ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻫﻴﻠﻴﻮم ﺿﺨﻢ و ﺗﺸ دراﺳﺘﻨﺎ إﱃ أن ﻧﺠﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﻠﻴـﻮم ﻫـﺬا ﺳـﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ ﻛﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ وﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ رﺻـﺪه ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎً ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻮى اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 اﻟﻨﺠﻮم