Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

Gemini South captures cosmic “Finch” by NOIRLab Josie Fenske n 2018 astronomers witnessed an intense explosion far more pow- erful than the average supernova — 10 –100 times brighter. It was designated AT2018cow, nicknamed ‘the Cow’, and became the first ex- ample of a new class of astronomi- cal phenomena: luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs). Only a handful of these curious events have been confirmed to date, each given a clever zoological name in- spired by the last few letters of its astronomical designation, including the Camel, Koala and Tasmanian Devil. The physics of how these ob- jects form remains a mystery, and now the latest addition to the LFBOT collection raises more ques- tions than it answers. LFBOTs shine intensely blue and they evolve rapidly, reaching peak brightness and fading again in a matter of days, unlike supernovae which take weeks or months. Draw- ing on data from several tele- scopes, including Gemini South, one half of the International Gem- ini Observatory operated by NSF’s NOIRLab, an international team of astronomers identified a transient, designated AT2023fhn and nick- named ‘the Finch’, that shows all the tell-tale characteristics of an LFBOT with an additional, unex- pected characteristic. ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 42 ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب ﺳﺎوث ﺟ ﻤ ﻠﺘﻘﻂ " اﻟﻌﺼﻔﻮر " اﻟ ﻮﻧﻲ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ – ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ـــــــ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻋﺎم 2018 اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اً أ اً ﺪﺷﺪﻳ ﻗﻮى ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ ا ﺘﻮﺳﻂ و أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋًﺎ ﺑـ 10 إﱃ 100 ﻣﺮة ﺗ ـﻢ ﺗﺴ ـﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑـــ AT2018cow ﻟﻘــ و ﺐ ﺎﻟﺒﻘﺮة ﺑ" " وأﺻﺒﺢ ا ﺜﺎل اﻷو ل ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻮا ﻫﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﺒــﴫﻳﺔ اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة اﻟﴪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء ا ﻀﻴﺌﺔ . ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴـﺪ ﻋـﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن، وﺗﻢ إﻋﻄﺎء ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ اﺳـﻤﺎً ﺎً ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻴـ ذﻛﻴًﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺣﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ، ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﺠﻤـﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﺠﻤـﻞ واﻟﻜــﻮاﻻ واﻟﺸــ ﻴﻄﺎن اﻟﺘﺴــﻤﺎﻧﻲ . ﺗﻈــﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﺨﺎﺻــﺔ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴــﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ ﻫــ ﺬه اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻐﺰ اً واﻵن ﺗﺜـ أﺣـﺪث إﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ـﺔ اﻟﻈ ـﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﺒ ــﴫﻳﺔ اﻟﻌ ـﺎﺑﺮة اﻟﴪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء ا ﻀﻴﺌﺔ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﺗﺠﻴﺐ . ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق ا ﻜﺜﻒ وﺗﺘﻄﻮر ﺑﴪﻋﺔ وﺗﺼﻞ إﱃ ذروة اﻟﺴﻄﻮ ع وﺗـﺘﻼﳽ ﻣـﺮة أﺧـﺮى ﰲ ﻏﻀـﻮن أﻳـ ﺎم ﺧـﻼف ﻋـﲆ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق أﺳـﺎﺑﻴﻊ ـــ أﺷﻬﺮ .. أو أﺷﻬﺮ . ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﲆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎوث ﺑ ﻤﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ اﻟﺬي ﻳـﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌ ﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﺣﺪد ﻓﺮﻳﻖ دو ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎً ﻋﺎﺑﺮاً ﺖ ﺗﻤـــ ﺗﺴـــﻤﻴﺘﻪ AT2023fhn وﻟﻘـــﺐ " ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼـﻔﻮر " اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻈﻬـﺮ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳـﺔ ا ﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺑ ﺨﺼــﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻈــﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻌــﺎﺑﺮة اﻟـﴪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء ا ﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﺧﺼـﺎﺋﺺ أﺧﺮى إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 ﺷﻬﺪ