Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

H Webb snaps supersonic outflow of young star by NASA/ESA/CSA Bethany Downer Hannah Braun erbig-Haro (HH) objects are lumi- nous regions sur- rounding newborn stars, formed when stellar winds or jets of gas spew- ing from these newborn stars form shock waves collid- ing with nearby gas and dust at high speeds. This image of HH 211 from NASA’s James Webb Space Tele- scope reveals an outflow from a Class 0 proto- star, an infantile analog of our Sun when it was no more than a few tens of thousands of years old and with a mass only 8% of the present-day Sun. (It will eventually grow into a star like the Sun.) Infrared imaging is power- ful in studying newborn stars and their outflows, be- cause such stars are invariably still embedded within the gas from the molecular cloud in which they formed. The infrared emission of the star’s outflows penetrates the obscuring gas and dust, making a Herbig-Haro object like HH 211 ideal for observation with Webb’s sensitive infrared instruments. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 34 ﻠﺘﻘﻂ " و ﺐ" ﺗﺪﻓﻘ ﺎً أﺳﺮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮت ﻧ ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺎﻓﻊ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮوﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮاون و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ أﺟﺴ ﻨﺘﺎﻟﺒﺒ ﺎم ﻫﺎرو - ﻫ ﺑﻴﺞ (HH) ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ـﺗﺤ ﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟ ﻴﺪة ـﻮﻟـ ﻜﻞ ـﺸـﺗ ﺪﻣﺎ ـﻨـ ﻜﻞ ﻋ ـ ﺗﺘﺸ ﺎح اﻟﻨ ـ اﻟﺮﻳ ـ ﺠﻤﻴﺔ أو ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪة ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﺻﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻄﺪم ﺎز واﻟ ـ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ ـ ﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺑﴪﻋﺎت ﻮرة ـﺼـ ﺬه اﻟ ـ ﺸﻒ ﻫ ـﻜـﺗ. ﺔـﻴـﺎﻟـﻋ ـﻟـ HH 211 ـﻠﺴـ ﻦ ﺗـﻣ ﺲـﻤـﻴـﺟ ﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﻋـﻦ ـﺗ ﺪﻓﻖ ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺠـﻢ أوﱄ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟـ ﺔ ـــــ ____ ﺮهـﻋﻤ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻦـ ﺜﺮ ﻣـأﻛ ﺑـﻀﻊ ـﻋ ﴩات اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨ وﺑـﻪ ﺔ ـﺘﻠـﻛ 8 % ﺘﻬﺎ ﻠـ ﻦ ﻛﺘ ـﻂ ﻣ ـﻘـﻓ ﺳﻮف ﻳﺘﻄﻮر ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺠﻤﺎً اﻟﺸﻤ ﻣﺜﻞ (. ﺲـ إن اﻟﺘ ﺼﻮﻳﺮ ـ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻓﻌﺎل ﰲ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة وﺗـﺪﻓﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ إﱃ اﻟﺨﺎ ﻷن رج ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨـ ـ ـ ﺠﻮم ﺗـ ﻜﻮن ﻻ ﺰ ـﺗ ال داﺧﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑـ اﻟﺔ ـ ﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴـﺔ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 اﻟﻨﺠ ﺗﻢ ـ ﺎز واﻟ ـ اﻟﻐ ﺨﱰق ﻐﺒﺎر ـ ا ـﻌﺘﻤ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺟ ـﻫ ﺴﻢـ ﺑﻴﺞ ﻫﺎرو ﻣـﺜﻞ HH 211 ﺰةـﻬـﺟأ ﺨﺪام ـ ﺑﺎﺳﺘ ﺪـ ﻟﻠﺮﺻ ﺎﻟﻴﺎً ـﻣﺜ ﺗﻠـﺴﻜﻮب . وﻳﺐ . ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣﻦ ﻘﺎت ــ ﺗﺪﻓ أﺟﺴﺎم وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎ ﺔ ﻧ ﺳﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗ ـ ﺪﻓﻖ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻢ أوﱄ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟ ﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ وﻫﻮ ﻧ ﻔﻮﱄـ ﻈ ﻃ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻟـﻢ ﻳـ ﻜﻦ ـ