Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

U Furthest ever detection of a galaxy’s magnetic field by ESO Bárbara Ferreira sing the Atacama Large Mil- limeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), astronomers have detected the magnetic field of a galaxy so far away that its light has taken more than 11 billion years to reach us: we see it as it was when the Universe was just 2.5 billion years old. The result provides as- tronomers with vital clues about how the magnetic fields of galaxies like our own Milky Way came to be. Lots of astronomical bodies in the Universe have magnetic fields, whether it be planets, stars or galaxies. “Many people might not be aware that our entire galaxy and other galaxies are laced with mag- netic fields, spanning tens of thou- sands of light-years,” says James Geach, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Hertfordshire, UK, and lead author of the study published in Nature . “We actually know very little about how these fields form, despite their being quite fundamental to how galaxies evolve,” adds Enrique Lopez Rodriguez, a researcher at Stanford University, USA, who also NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 22 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ إ ﻛﺘﺸﺎف أ ﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻋﻠﻰاﻹﻃﻼق : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا - اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻔ ﻔﻔﺎاﻟﺴــﻔﻠﻴﻼ اﻟﺒﺎااااﻟﺒﻔﻘﻠﻠﻴﺒﺴﺴﺘﺘﺒﺎاﺳــﺎﻏﻠﻠﻠﺒﻠﻠﻼاﺗﺖ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـــﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼــﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣــﺎ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ ﻳــﺔ و ﺗﺤــﺖ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳ ا ( أ ﺎ)ﺔ ﺠﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃ ـ ﻴﴘ ﺠـﺮة ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪ اً ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﺿﻮءﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 11 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻـﻮل إﻟﻴﻨـﺎ : ﻓـﻨﺤﻦ ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن 2.5 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أدﻟــﺔ ﺣــﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺔ ﻇﻬــﻮر ا ﺠــﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟ ﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ أو ﻧﺠﻮم أو ﻣﺠﺮات . ﻳﻘـﻮل ﺟـﻴﻤﺲﺟﻴـﺘﺶ أﺳـﺘﺎذ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫ ﺗﻔﻮردﺷﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ا ﺘﺤﺪة وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ " : ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺪرك اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس أن ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬـﺎ وا ﺠـﺮات اﻷ ﺧﺮى ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻌـ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻟ ﴩات اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ـ وﻫﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﴩت ﰲ ﻧﻴﺘﴩ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ . ﻳﻀﻴﻒ إﻧﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺰ رودرﻳﻐﻴﺰ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻔ ﻮرد ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳــﺎت ا ﺘﺤــﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﺬي ﺷﺎرك أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ : " ﻧﺤﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮف ﺳﻮى اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺟـﺪاً ﻋــﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺔ ﺗﺸــﻜﻞ ﻫــﺬه ا ﺠــﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺠﺮات ." اﻛﺘﺸﻒ