Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

21 “We calculate that there are a whole lot of these little worlds in our Solar System right now,” said Ban- nister. “We just can’t find them yet be- cause we aren’t see- ing faint enough.” Rubin Observatory will change that. Using an 8.4-meter telescope equipped with the highest res- olution digital cam- era in the world, Rubin will detect fainter interstellar objects than we’ve ever seen before. “It’s as though you suddenly go from being on a little boat bobbing around in the beautiful shal- lows just off the shore, to now you’re out over the big deep ocean and you can see into all that expanse for the first time,” said Bannister. Additionally, Rubin’s fast-moving tele- scope can scan the entire visible sky ev- ery few nights, capturing a time- lapse view of interstellar objects on their fast journeys through our Solar System. While we call both ‘Omua- mua and 2I/Borisov interstellar ob- jects, they differ in just about every way we can measure. What will the third, or the twentieth, interstellar object look like? Within the first year of Rubin Obser- vatory’s 10-year LSST, scheduled to begin in 2025, scientists expect to get a good idea. “We’re going to go from a study of two individual ob- jects to a population study of at least dozens,” Bannister said. As interstellar objects could come from stars all across the Milky Way, this increase will allow scientists to directly study how planetary systems form at distant stars throughout our galaxy’s history — including at an- cient stars that no longer exist. For now, scientists can only make loose predictions of how many inter- stellar objects Rubin will reveal. Ban- nister playfully places her bet on 21, but says we really have no idea yet. Whatever the outcome, Rubin is poised to revolutionize Solar System studies — along with many other areas of astronomy and astrophysics. “It’s going to be one of the gifts that Rubin provides,” she said, “a new history of the Solar System and a greater understanding of where we come from.”  NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 21 ﻗﺎل ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺴﱰ :” ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺤﺴﺐ أن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣ ـﻦ ﻫ ـﺬه اﻟﻌ ـﻮاﻟﻢ اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨ ـﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﱄ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬــ ﻻﻧﻬــﺎ ﺧﺎﻓﺘــﻪ و ﺳﻮف ﻳﻐ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑﻦ ﻓﺒﺎ ذﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻗﻄ ـﺮه 8.4 ﻣ ـﱰ ﻣ ـﺰود ﺑﺄﻋﲆ اﻟ اﻟ ت ﻜﺎﻣ ا ﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ دﻗﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ، ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ روﺑﻦ اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘـﺔ ﺑـ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻤـﺎ رأﻳﻨﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ . : "ﺖﻗﺎﻟو ﻳﺒﺪو اﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻟﻮ أﻧﻚ اﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻓﺠﺄة ﻣـﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻚ ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺘﻦ ﻗـﺎرب ﺻـﻐ ﻳﺘﻤﺎﻳـﻞ ﰲ ا ﻴـﺎه اﻟﻀ ﺤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠـﺔ ﻗﺒﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﺸــﺎﻃﺊ إﱃ اﻵن أﻧــﺖ ﺧـﺎرج ا ﺤـﻴﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻴـﻖ اﻟﻜﺒ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ رؤﻳﺔ ﻛـﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد ﻷو ." ل ﻣﺮة ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑـ ﴎﻳـﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺔ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎم ﺑ ﻤﺴـﺢ اﻟﺴـﻤ ﺎء ا ﺮﺋﻴـﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻀـﻊ ﻟﻴـﺎل واﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﻣﻨﻈـﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻـﻞ زﻣﻨــﻲ ﻟﻸﺟﺴــﺎم ﺑــ اﻟﺸ . ﻤﴘـ ﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮ ﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻧﺴـﻤﻲ اﻟﺠــﺮﻣ ﺑــ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ) أوﻣﻮاﻣــﻮا و ( )2 /آي ﺑﻮرﻳﺴﻮف ( إﻻ أﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎن ﰲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ . ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺳـﻴﺒﺪو اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ أو اﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم؟ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑـ ﻦ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻌﴩ ﺳﻨﻮات وا ﻘﺮر أن ﻳﺒﺪأ ﰲ ﻋﺎم 2025 ﻳﺘﻮ ﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺤ ﺼﻮل ﻋـﲆ ﻓﻜـﺮة ، ﺟﻴﺪة وﻗﺎل ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺴﱰ " : ﺳﻨﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ دراﺳﺔ ﺟﺮﻣ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدﻳﻦ إﱃ دراﺳﺔ ﻋﺪة أﺟﺮام ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﴩات " وﺑﻤـﺎ أن اﻷﺟـﺮام ﺑـ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺰﻳـﺎدة ﺳﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻮ اﻛﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ﺠـﻮم اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪة ﻃﻮال ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟـﻢ ﺗﻌـﺪ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮدة . ﻻ ﺣﺎﻟﻴـﺎً ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻨﺒﺆات ﺣﻮل ﻋـﺪد اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﺸﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ . روﺑﻦ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺑﺎن ﻧﻴﺴﱰ رﻫﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟـﺮﻗﻢ 21 ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻮل ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ أي ﻓﻜﺮة وﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑ ﺳـﻴﺤﺪث ﺛﻮرة ﰲ دراﺳﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ و ﻣﺠﺎﻻت أﺧـﺮى ﰲ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ إن: " وﻗﺎﻟﺖ أﻓﻀـﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ روﺑ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨًـﺎ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ اً ﻟﻠﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸـ ﻤﴘ ـ وﻓﻬﻤًﺎ أﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي أﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ." ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 ــــﺪﻳﻮ اﻟﻤﺴـــﺎراتﻋـــ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨــــﺎ ُﻈﻬـــﺮﻫـــﺬا اﻟﻔ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻤﻮﺟـﻮدﻳﻦ ﺑـ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻣ اﻟﻤ " ﺆﻛـــﺪﻳﻦ، أوﻣﻮاﻣـــﻮا ) " اﻟﻤﻌـــﺮوفرﺳـــﻤ ﺎً ﺎﺳـﻢ ) I/2017 U1 ( ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﮫ اﻟـﺬ ﻓـــﻲﻋــــﺎم 2017 واﻟﻤــــﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﻮر ﺴـــﻮف اﻟــــﺬ ﺗــــــــﻢ اﻛﺘﺸــــــــﺎﻓﮫ ﻓــــــــﻲﻋــــــــﺎم 2019 . ﻣﺴــــــــﺎرات ـ ﻫـــــــﺬﻳﻦ اﻟـــــــ واﺿـــــــﺤﺔ ﺸـــــــ ﻞﻣﻠﺤـــــــﻮظ ﺠﺴﻤ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒﻋﻦﻣﺪارات اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدةﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـــــﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴــــــﻲ ﻣـــــ ﺎ ﻳﺠﻌــــــﻞ ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﺴــــــﻬﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺗﻤﻴ ﻫﺎ ﺄﺟﺴﺎم ﺑ . ﺳﻴﻮﻓﺮﻣﺮﺻﺪ ـــــــﺎن واﻟﺰﻣـــــــﺎن واﻟﻤﺴـــــــﺢ اﻟﻘـــــــﺪ ﻢ ﻟﻠﻤ روﺑــــــ ﺑ ﺎﻧــﺎتﺗﻤﻜــﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤــﺎء ﻣــﻦ ــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ــﺪ اﻟﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺪ اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮمﻓـــﻲوﻗـــﺖﻣ ﻜـــﺮﻣـــﻦ اﻷﺟﺴـــﺎم ﺑـــ إﺟﺮا اﻟﻤﺴﺢ ء . ﺖﻗﺎﻟ ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺴـﱰ :” ﻧﺤـﻦ ﻧﺤﺴـﺐ أن ﻫﻨـﺎك اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻢ اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ واﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ زﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﻸﺟﺴ م ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ رﺣﻼﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋـﱪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ