Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

With the aid of observations of our Solar System and computer simula- tions, scientists speculate that the gravity of larger planets and passing nearby stars often launches most of remnant planetesimals away from their home systems and out into their galaxies. Traveling through space and not bound to any star, they’re now known as interstellar objects. “Planetary systems are a place of change and growth, of sculpting and reshaping,” said Ban- nister. “And planets are like active correspondents in that they can move trillions of little tiny planetes- imals out into galactic space.” If planets are the correspondents, in- terstellar objects are the telegrams containing valuable information about distant planetary systems and how they formed. And for a short time, some of these messages from afar are right in our cosmic backyard. “A rock from another solar system is a direct probe of how planetesimal formation took place at another star,” said Bannister, “so to actually have them come to us is pretty neat.” Though astronomers think many interstellar objects exist, and likely pass through our Solar System on a regular basis, only two have been confirmed: ‘ Oumuamua in 2017 (also known as 1I/2017 U 1 ), and the comet 2I/Borisov in 2019. These were discovered thanks to great timing, a lot of effort, and a little luck — these small, faint interstellar travel- ers are only visible when they’re close enough to see, and when our telescopes are pointing in the right place at the right time. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 وﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رﺻﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ﻤﴘ ـ وا ﺤﺎﻛﺎة اﻟﺤﺎﺳـﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﻗـﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء أن ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻜﺒـ ة واﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ـﺎرة اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﺼﻐﺮة ا ﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ أﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ وإﱃ ﻣﺠﺮاﺗﻬـﺎ . ﺗﺴــﺎﻓﺮ ﻋــﱪ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء وﻻ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺄي ﻧﺠﻢ وﺗُﻌﺮف اﻵن ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﺖوﻗﺎﻟ ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺴﱰ أ": ن اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴـ واﻟﻨﻤﻮﻟﻠﻨﺤـﺖ وإﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ " . اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ا ﺮاﺳـﻠ اﻟﻨﺸـﻄ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬـﺎ ﻧﻘ ـﻞ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮﻧـﺎت ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ـﺐ اﻟﺼﻐ ة إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ا ﺠـﺮي ". إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻫﻲ ا ﺮاﺳﻠﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻫﻲ اﻟﱪﻗﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋـﲆ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎت ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ ﺣـﻮل أﻧﻈﻤـ ﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻠﻬﺎ وﻟﻔـﱰة ﻗﺼـ ة ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ ﺳﺎﺣﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ . ﻗـﺎل ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺴﱰ :” إن ﺻﺨﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻤﴘ آﺧﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﺎر ﻣﺒﺎﴍ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺣـﺪوث ﺗﻜ ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﰲ ﻧﺠﻮم آﺧﺮ ﻟﺬا ى ﻓﺈن وﺻﻮﻟﻬﺎ إﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ راﺋﻊ ﺟﺪ .ا ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻳﺤﺘﻤﻞ و أن ﺗﻤﺮ ﻋـﱪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨـﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ وﺟﻮد إ ﺛﻨ ﻓﻘﻂ " : أوﻣﻮاﻣﻮا " ﰲ ﻋﺎم 2017 ﺐ وا ـﺬﻧ ﺑﻮرﻳﺴـﻮف ﰲ ﻋـﺎم 2019 وﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘﻪ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺮة ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻬ ﺎ إﻻ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘـﱰب ﻟﺪرﺟـﺔ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺻﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻬـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮم ﻘــ ﺴـــﺮﻋﺔﻣــﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـــﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴــﻲ ﻳﻮﺿــﺢﻫـــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــﻢاﻟﺘﺨ ﻠـــﻲﺟــﺮمﺳـــﻤﺎويﺑــ . ﺗـــﻢ اﻟــــﺠﺮم اﻟﺴـــﻤﺎوياﻟـــﺬ ﻗﺬﻓـــﮫ اﻷﺻـــﻠﻲﻣﻨـــﺬ ﻓـــ ةﻃﻮ ﻠــــﺔﺳـــﺎﻓﺮﻋـــ ـــﻮﻛ ﻣـــﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻣـــﮫ اﻟ ـــﻮﻧ ﻗﺒــﻞ أن ﻤــﺮﻟﻔــ ة وﺟــ ةﻋــ ﺟﻮار ـــﺎ اﻟ ــﺎراتاﻟﺴــﻨ اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮم ﻟﻤﻠ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء ﺑــ . ﻲ ﺳ ﻜﺸـــﻒ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑ ﺳﺎ ﻘﺎً اﻟﻨﺠﻮمﻏ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺪ ﺪﻣﻦﻫﺆﻻء اﻟﻘﺎدﻣ .