Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2023 ARABIC VERSION

W Rub b in o o bservatory will detect visitors from distant stars by NOIRLab Charles Blue and Manuel Gnida e’ve learned a lot about the biggest, brightest ob- jects in our Solar System using existing instruments and tele- scopes. However, astronomers like Michele Bannister, Rutherford Dis- covery Fellow at the University of Canterbury in Aotearoa New Zealand and member of the Rubin Observatory/LSST Solar System Sci- ence Collaboration, want to search deeper, for small, faint bodies that originated in planetary systems far beyond our own. These interstellar objects — which were flung from their home systems into the space between stars — are so faint that they have been virtually unde- tectable. But with the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), conducted with Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile, scientists are expecting an explosive period of dis- covery as these faint objects come into view for the first time. Rubin Observatory is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the US Department of En- ergy (DOE). Rubin is a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab, which, along with SLAC National Accelerator Labora- tory, will operate Rubin. The origins of our Solar System lay in a massive swirling cloud of gas and dust that col- lapsed to form new stars, one of which was our Sun. The stars gobbled up most of the cosmic ingredients, but around each star the remainder formed the small building blocks of planets — called planetesimals — ranging from tens of meters to a few kilo- meters in size. Some of these coa- lesced into planets and their moons and rings, but trillions of leftover planetesimals continued to orbit their host stars. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 18 " روﺑ " ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ ﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﺰوار ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟ ﻌ ﺪة : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ ﻠﻮ و ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻳﻞﺟﻨ ﺪا ) ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ( ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 3 ﻟﻘـﺪﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎاﻻﻟﻴﻜﺜ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻋﻦ أﻛﱪ وأ ـﻊ اﻻﺟـﺮام اﻟﺴــﻤﺎوﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨــﺎ اﻟﺸــ ﻤﴘ ـ وذﻟــﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوات واﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ا ﻮﺟـﻮدة ﻟﺪﻳﻤﺖ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓـﺈ ن ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺴﱰ زﻣﻴﻠﺔ رذرﻓﻮرد دﻳﺴﻜﻔﺮي ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﱰﺑﺮي ﰲ أوﺗ ﻴـﺎروا ﺑﻨﻴﻮزﻳﻠﻨـﺪا وﻋ ﻀﻮ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑﻦ وﻓﺮﻳﻖ ا ﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤ ﴘـ ﻳﺮﻳـﺪون اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﻋﻤـﻖ ﻋــﻦ اﻻﺟـﺮام اﻟﺴـﻤﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﺼــﻐ ة اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺄت ﰲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ . إن ه اﻷ ﻫﺬ ﺟﺴﺎم ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ إ ﱃ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻫـﻲ ﺧﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﺟـﺪاً ﻟﺪ رﺟـﺔ اﻧـﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎً . ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﱰك ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ ا ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻮم ووزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . ﻣﺮﺻﺪ روﺑـﻦ ﻫـﻮ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ واﻟﺬي ﺳﻴﻘﻮم ﺟﻨﺒًﺎ إﱃ ﺟﻨـﺐ ﻣـﻊ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ا ﴪع اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ (ﺳﻼك ) ، ﺑﺘﺸـﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ . روﺑ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ أﺻﻮل ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ ﰲ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ دواﻣﻴﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻧﻬﺎرت ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻮﻣ ﺎً ﺟﺪﻳﺪة أﺣﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﺳﺘﺤﻮذت اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا ﺎدة اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻦو اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺾ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﺣﺪات ﺑﻨﺎء ﺻﻐ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ ﻳـﱰاوح ﺣﺠﻤﻬـﺎ ﺑـ ﻋﺸـ ـ ﺮات اﻷﻣﺘـﺎر وﺑﻀـﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰات . وﻗـﺪ اﻧــﺪﻣﺠﺖ ﺑﻌـ ﺾ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛــ ﺐ ﻟﺘﺸــﻜﻞ ﻛﻮاﻛــﺐ وأﻗﻤﺎرﻫــﺎ وﺣﻠﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻜـﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮﻧـﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ا ﺼﻐﺮة ا ﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ت ﰲ اﻟﺪوران ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ