Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2022 ARABIC VERSION

2017 the EHT linked together eight existing radio telescopes worldwide, including ALMA, re- sulting in the recently released first ever image of Sagittarius A*. To calibrate the EHT data, Wielgus and his colleagues, who are mem- bers of the EHT Collaboration, used ALMA data recorded simultaneously with the EHT observations of Sagit- tarius A*. To the team’s surprise, there were more clues to the nature of the black hole hidden in the ALMA-only measurements. By chance, some of the observations were done shortly after a burst or flare of X-ray energy was emitted ﻓﻘﺎﻋــــــﺔ ﻏـــــــﺎزﺳـــــــﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺗﺪورﺣﻮل اﻟﻘﻮسأ * ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٣٠ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ( ا ﺎ ) ، ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻋـﲆ ﺑﻘﻌـﺔ " " ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺗـﺪور ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻘـﻮس أ * ، اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ، ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻋــﲆ ﻓﻬــﻢ أﻓﻀــﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌــﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀــﺔ واﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺜﻘﺒﻨﺎ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ . ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ " ﻳﻘﻮل أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﻈـﺮ إﱃ ﻓﻘﺎﻋـﺔ ﻏﺎزﻳـﺔ ﺳـﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺗـﺪور ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻘـﻮس أ * ﰲ ﻣـﺪار ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺪار ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻋﻄﺎرد ، ﻘﻮم وﺗ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻮاﱄ ٧٠ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ . ان ﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﴎﻋﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﺗﺼـﻞ إﱃ ٣٠ ٪ ﻣﻦ ﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء " ! ﻳﻘﻮل ﻣﺎﺳﻴﻚ وﻳﻠﻐﻮس ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣـﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧﻚ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮي ﰲ ﺑـﻮن ﺑﺄ ﺎﻧﻴـﺎ واﻟﺬي ﻗﺎد اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴــﺔ . ﺗــﻢ إﺟــﺮاء ا ﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ا ﺎ ﺧﻼل ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌـﺎون ﻣـﻊ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣـﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻳﻔﻴﻨـﺖ ﻫــﻮراﻳﺰون ﻟﺘﺼــﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺜﻘــﻮب اﻟﺴــﻮداء . ـــــــ ﺗﻢ ﰲ أﺑﺮﻳﻞ ٢٠١٧ رﺑـﻂ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣـﺔ اﻳﻔﻴﻨـﺖ ﻫــﻮراﻳﺰون وﻫــﻮ ﻋ ﺒــﺎرة ﻋــﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴــﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت رادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ، ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ا ـﺎ ، ﻣﻤـﺎ أدى إﱃ ﻇﻬـﻮر أول ﺻـﻮرة ﺗـﻢ إﺻـﺪارﻫﺎ ﻣــﺆﺧﺮًا ﻟﻠﻘﻮس أ . * ﻌﺎﻳﺮة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻳﻔﻴﻨﺖ ﻫـﻮراﻳﺰون ، اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم وﻳﻠﺠــﻮس وزﻣــﻼؤه ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ا ـﺎ ا ﺴـﺠﻠﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣـﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣــﺔ اﻳ ﻔﻴﻨــﺖ ﻫـﻮراﻳﺰون اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮس أ * وﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻛـﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻦ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺨﺒﺄة ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎت . ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ا ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﺑﻌـﺾ ا ﻼﺣﻈـﺎت ﺑﻌـﺪ وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼ ﻣـﻦ اﻧﺒﻌـﺎث اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ا ﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ واﻟـﺬي ـــ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮس أ * ﻓـــــــــﻲﻣﺮﻛـــــــــﺰﻣﺠﺮ ﻨـــــــــﺎ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧـــــــــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـــــــــﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣـــــﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب ا ﻔ ﻨـــــﺖ ﻫـــــﻮراﻳﺰون ﻣـــــﻊ ﻳﻮﺿـــﺢ ﺳـــﻢ ر ـــﮫ ﻧﻤﺬﺟـــﺔ ـــﺄ ﻓ ﺗﺘﻨ ـــﺎن اﻟـــﺬ اﻟﻤ ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻠ ﻘﻌـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻨﺔ وﻣـﺪارﻫﺎ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد . رﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻓﻤ دﻳﺴﻤ 2022