Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2022 ARABIC VERSION

T Directors of the Saudi Space he first meeting of the Board of Authority headed by Prince Sultan bin Salman, after the approval of its formation by the Saudi Council of Ministers, to discuss the strategy re- lated to space activities, which is compatible with the Kingdom’s Vi- sion 2030 and is committed to inter- national regulations and treaties. plete Axiom’s rigorous training curriculum over many months in prepara- tion to live and conduct meaningful work in space. The expert team at Axiom Space is helping nations, and organizations build human spaceflight pro- grams, develop astronaut selection programs, and provide the expertise needed to expand the in- ternational community of space explorers to a larger and more diverse repre- sentation of humanity. Axiom Space is guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that bene- fits every human, every- where. The leading provider of human space- flight services and developer of human-rated space infrastructure, Axiom operates end-to-end missions to the International Space Station today while privately building its successor, Axiom Station, the first permanent commercial destination in Earth’s orbit that will sustain human growth off the planet and bring untold benefits back home. The Saudi astronaut program will provide many researches that will benefit all of humanity. Here are some examples. Improving health care by experiments performed in space will help us understand health problems on Earth. Space technolo- gies improve products we use every day, weather forecasts, and commu- nications worldwide. Astronauts en- courage young people to study science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Satellites provide data on climate change, measure pollution, and help protect our planet. Satellites data can be used to predict natural disasters and to sup- port emergency relief efforts. The space sector generates high-tech jobs for Saudis. Scientific break- throughs are challenging our as- sumptions and pushing our bound- aries by exploring the unknown. Each of these objectives does justify human spaceflight. Inspired by human spaceflight, many of today’s scientists and engineers across mul- tiple disciplines had witnessed the Apollo program as children. But which o     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2022 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤ ـﺎ ﺗﺒﻨ ـﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻬ ـﺎ ﻣﺤﻄ ـﺔ أﻛﺴ ـﻴﻮم اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ أول وﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺪار اﻷرض واﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﻤـﻮ اﻟﺒﴩـي ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ وﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻻ ﺣﴫ ﻟﻬﺎ . ﺳـﻴﻘﺪم ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ رواد اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻟﺴـﻌﻮدي اﻟﻌﺪ ﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳـﺘﻔﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﴩـ . ﻳﺔ وﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠ . ﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺗﺤﺴ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺤﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاؤﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ا ﺸـﻜﻼت اﻟﺼـﺤﻴﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻷرض . ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻋﲆ ﺗﺤﺴ ا ﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم ، واﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆات اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ . ﻳﺸـﺠﻊ رواد اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻋـﲆ دراﺳـ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت . ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋـﻦ ﺗﻐـ ا ﻨـﺎخ وﺗﻘﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث و ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨـﺎ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷﻗﻤـﺎر اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑـﺎﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ودﻋـﻢ ﺟﻬـﻮد اﻹﻏﺎﺛـﺔ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻت اﻟﻄـﻮارئ . ﻳـﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻄـﺎع اﻟﻔﻀﺎء وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـﻌﻮدﻳ . إن اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺪى اﻓﱰاﺿـﺎﺗﻨﺎ ــ ــــــ ﺳﻴﺨﻀــﻊ ا ﺮﺷ ـﺤﻮن ﻟﺮﺣﻠ ـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﻲ ﺻـﺎرم ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى ﻋﺪة أﺷـﻬﺮ اﺳـﺘﻌﺪادًا ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ واﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻫـﺎدف ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء . ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺨﱪاء ﰲ ﴍﻛ ـﺔ ﺳ ـﺒﻴﺲ اﻛ ـﺲ اﻟ ـﺪول وا ﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ رﺣﻼت اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ا ﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ وﺗﻄﻮ ﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﺧﺘﻴـﺎر رواد اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء وﺗـﻮﻓ اﻟﺨﱪة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ا ﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺪوﱄ ﺴﺘﻜﺸـﻔﻲ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء إﱃ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ أﻛﱪ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺎُ ﻟﻠﺒﴩﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﱰﺷﺪ أﻛﺴﻴﻮم ﺳﺒﻴﺲ ﺑﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﻴ ـﺎم ﺑ ﺎﻧﺠ ـﺎزات ﰲ ﻣﺰدﻫ ـﺮة اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ إﻧﺴﺎن ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن وﺗﻄﻤـﺢ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ا ﺰود ا ﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻟـﺮﺣﻼت اﻟﻔ ﻀـﺎء ا ﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ ا ﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ذﻟﻚ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎم ﺑﻌـﺪة ﺑﻌﺜ ــﺎت إﱃ ﻣﺤﻄـــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀ ــﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴـــﺔ وﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺣﺪودﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ا ﺠﻬﻮل إن ﻛﻼً ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻫﺪاف ﻳﱪر رﺣﻼت اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺒﴩﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻟﻬﻤـﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء وا ﻬﻨﺪﺳ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻋﱪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﺎت ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ أﺑﻮﻟﻮ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻘﻤـﺮ وﻫـﻢ أﻃﻔﺎل وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻫـﺪاف اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬــﺎ ﻣــﻦ ﺧــﻼل ﺑــﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟــﺮﺣﻼت اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ أو اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷﺧـﺮى ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺸـﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻷرض؟ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ا ﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴـﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻹﻃـﻼق اﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻮ ﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻬﺮ ا ﻘﺒﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ وﻣﺒﺎدرات ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻬـﺪف إﱃ ﺧﺪﻣـﺔ ﺳـﻜﺎن اﻷرض ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻔﻀﺎء . ﺎ ﻣﺸـــــــــــ ﻋﻞ اﻟﺸــــــــــــﻤ ﻤﺮي ﻣﺴﺘﺸــــــــــــﺎرﻫﻨﺪﺳــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻄـــــ ان وﻣﺆﺳـــــﺲﺷـــــﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺸـــــﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻠﻄـــــ ان ﻣﺆﻫﻠــﺔ ﻷن ﺗﺼــﺒﺢ أول اﻣــﺮأة ﺳــﻌﻮد ﺔ ﺗــﺬﻫﺐ إﻟــــﻰ اﻟﻔﻀــــﺎء . اﻵن ، ﻟــــﻢ ﺗﻘــــﺪم اﻛﺴــــﻴﻮم ﺣــــ ـ وﻻ اﻟـــ ﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺴـــﻌﻮد ﺔ اﺳــــﻢ راﺋـــﺪة اﻟﻔﻀــــﺎء ﺳﺘﺸــﺎرك ﻓــﻲﻣﻬﻤــﺔ اﻛﺴــﻴﻮم اﻟـــ اﻟــ ـ ﺨﺎﺻﺔ ـــﺔ ، اﻟﻤﻘـــﺮر ـــﺔ إﻟـــﻰﻣﺤﻄـــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـــﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ إﺟﺮاؤﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ أواﺋﻞ ﻋﺎم ٢٠٢٣ . اﻻﺟﺘﻤـــــــــــــــــﺎع اﻷول ﻟﻤﺠﻠــــــــــــــــــﺲإدارة اﻟﻬﻴﺌــــــــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮد ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎ ء ﺑﺮ ﺎﺳﺔ اﻷﻣ ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن ﺑـﻦ ﺳـــــــــــﻠﻤﺎن ﻌـــــــــــﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘـــــــــــﺔ ﻣﺠﻠـــــــــــﺲاﻟـــــــــــﻮزراء ﻋﻠــــــــــﻰ ﺗﺸــــــــــﻜ ﻠﻬﺎ ، ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸــــــــــﺔ اﻟﺴــــــــــﻌﻮد ا ﻹﺳــ اﺗﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺎﻷﻧﺸـﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘــﺔ ﻣـــﻊ إﺳـــ اﺗﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜـــﺔ ـــﺔ و رؤ ٢٠٣٠ وﻣﻠ ﻣﺔ ﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪات اﻟﺪوﻟ ﺔ . ٢٤ ﻧﻮﻓﻤ دﻳﺴﻤ 2022