Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2024

Atthattime,GiuseppeCocconiand Philip Morrison pioneered the search for radio signals emitted more-or-less voluntarily by extra- terrestrialcivilizations,whileNikolaj Kardašëv hypothesized that ex- tremely advanced alien technologies could have exploited the energy emitted by stars in ways unimagin- abletous.Dysonenrichedthissce- nario by supporting the possible existence in other planetary systems of spherical, shell-shaped megas- tructures built around single stars and capable of harnessing most of the energy those stars emit. At the beginning of the 1960s, allthis must have seemed like science fiction, as we knew very little about our own solar system and absolutely nothing about other possible similar systems. However, Dyson’s hypothe- sis could (and can) be verified since those megastructures, today known as “Dyson Spheres,” would produce two effects that are easily recogniz- able by the observer: they likely completely hide the visible light of thestarstheysurroundand,byheat- ing up internally, they radiate from the external surface a non-negligi- blequantityofinfraredlight,which - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 4 رﺳﻢ ﺗ ﺨ ﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﺮة دا ﺴﻮن إن . ﻫﺬا ـــــــﺔ اﻟﻀـــــــ ﻤﺔ اﻟــــــــﺬ اﻟﻨـــــــﻮع ﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟ ﻨ اﻓ ﺿـــﮫ ﻓــــﻲﻋـــﺎم 1960 ــــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻔ وﻋــــﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺮ ﺎﺿــــ ﺎت اﻷﻧﺠﻠــــﻮ أﻣﺮ ﻜـــــﻲ ﻓﺮ ﻤﺎن ﺟﻮن دا ﺴﻮن ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳ ﺪو ﻣﻐﻠﻘـــــــﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــــــــﺎ أو ﻤـــــــﺎ ﻓــــــــﻲﻫــــــــﺬﻩ ـ اﻟــــــــ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓــــــــﻲﺷـــــــــ ﻞ ﺣــــــــﺰم ﻣﺘﺤـــــــــﺪة اﻟﻤﺮﻛــــﺰ و ﻤﻜــــﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈــــﺔ وﺟﻮدﻫــــﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل وﺟـﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﺾﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺎدﻣـﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ أو اﻟﻀــــــﻮء اﻟ ﻣــــــﻦ ﺧــــــﻼل ﻣﻨﺤـــــــ ﻐﺮ ـــــــﺐ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻷﺧ ] . [ ﺻﻮرﻏ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﺎن ﺟﻮزﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻮﻧﻲ وﻓﻴﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﻮرﻳﺴﻮن راﺋﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ إﺷـﺎرات اﻟ ﺮادﻳﻮ ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أو ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﻃﻮﻋـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات ﺧـﺎرج ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ اﻷرض ﰲ ﺣـ اﻓﱰض ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻي ﻛﺎرداﺷـﻴﻒ أن اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺎت اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ا ﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﺴـﺘﻐﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺑﻄﺮق ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻮرﻫﺎ . ﻟﻘﺪ أﺛﺮى داﻳﺴﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دﻋﻢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻛﺮوﻳﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺻـﺪﻓﺔ ﰲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى، ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠـ ﻮم ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة، وﻗﺎدرة ﻋﲆ ﺗﺴﺨ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺜﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺴـﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﻛـﺎن ﻛـﻞ ﻫـﺬا ﻳﺒـﺪو ﻛ ﺨﻴﺎل ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻜـﻦ ﻧﻌـﺮف ﺳـﻮى اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺪ اً ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ وﻻ ﻧﻌﺮف ﺷﻴﺌًﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃـﻼق ﻋـﻦ ا ﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ا ﻤﺎﺛﻠـﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﺮﺿـﻴ ﺔ داﻳﺴـﻮن ﻷن ﺗﻠـﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛـﻞ اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ اﻟﻴـﻮم ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ " ﻛـﺮات داﻳﺴﻮن " ﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﺄﺛ ﻳﻦ ﻳﺴـﻬﻞ اﻟﺘﻌـﺮف : ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤ ﻳﺤﺘﻤﻞ أﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻔﻴﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﻣ اﻟ ﺎً ﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬـﺎ وﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺪاﺧﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺸﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ إﻫﻤﺎﻟﻬـﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ﺤﻤﺮاء