Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2024

In the Webb image, these jets are signified by bright clumpy streaks that appear red, which are shock- wavesfromthejethittingsurround- inggasanddust.Here,theredcolor representsthepresenceofmolecu- larhydrogenandcarbonmonoxide. “This area of the Serpens Nebula – Serpens North – only comes into clearviewwithWebb,” saidleadau- thorJoelGreenoftheSpaceTele- scopeScienceInstituteinBaltimore. “We’renowabletocatchtheseex- tremely young stars and their out- flows, some of whichpreviously appeared as just blobs or were com- pletely invisible in optical wave- lengths because of the thick dust surrounding them.” Astronomers say there are a few forcesthatpotentiallycanshiftthe directionoftheoutflowsduring this period of a young star’s life. Onewayiswhenbinarystarsspin around each other and wobble in orientation,twistingthedirection of the outflows over time. The Serpens Nebula, located 1,300 light-yearsfromEarth,isonlyone or two million years old, which is very young in cosmic terms. It’s also home to a particularly dense cluster ofnewlyformingstars(~100,000 - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻳُﺸﺎر إﱃ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﰲ ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺘﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑـﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎت ﺻـﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﻨﻔﺚ ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر . وﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ا ﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ وأول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن . ﻗﺎل ا ﺆﻟـﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ ـ ﻏـ ﴘ ﺟﻮﻳﻞ ﺮﻳﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺑـﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻮر " : ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن - ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن - ﻻ ﺗﺼـﺒﺢ ﻣﺮﺋﻴـﺔ ﺑﻮﺿـﻮح إﻻ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ." وﻳﺐ - ﻻ ﺗﺼـﺒﺢ ﻣﺮﺋﻴـﺔ ﺑﻮﺿـﻮح إﻻ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺐ وﻳ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ اﻵن ﻗﺎدرﻳﻦ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻘــﺎط ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﺸــﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳــﺔ وﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺨﺎرج واﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜ ﻞ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﻘﻂ أو ﻛﺎن ﻏ ـ ﻣﺮﺋ ـﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــ ﺎً ﰲ اﻷﻃــﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻒ ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬ . "ﺎ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﻘـﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻐ اﺗﺠـﺎه اﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﱰة ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺸﺎب . إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄـﺮق ﻫـﻲ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗـﺪور اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﱰة ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺸﺎب . إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄـﺮق ﻫـﻲ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗـﺪور اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﺎ اﻟـﺒﻌﺾ وﺗﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﰲ اﺗﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ اﻧﺤـﺮاف اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن 1300 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض أي ﻋﻤﺮه ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن أو ﻣﻠﻴـﻮﻧﻲ ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻫﻮ ﺻﻐ ﺟﺪ اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻣـﻮﻃﻦ ﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺘﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺣـﺪﻳﺜًﺎ ) ﺣـﻮاﱄ ١٠٠٠٠٠ (ﻋﺎم