Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2024

tronomers believe this newly discov- ered wind feeds the black hole to helpitgrow.Thisprocessissimilar to a much smaller-scale environ- mentinspace:theswirlsofgasand dust that lead to the birth of new starsandplanets. “Itiswell-estab- lishedthatstars,inthefirststages of their evolution, grow with the help of rotating winds – accelerated by magnetic fields, just like the windinthisgalaxy.Ourobserva- tions show that supermassive black holes and tiny stars can grow by similarprocesses,butonverydiffer- ent scales,” says Mark Gorski, lead author of this research, and a fellow with the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astro- physics at Northwestern University, and also affiliated with the Depart- ment of Space, Earth and Environ- ment at Chalmers University of Technology(Sweden.)     SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 33 ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـ ﺔ ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺮ ــــﺎح اﻟﻤﺘﺼــــﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻧﻤــــﻮ اﻟﺜﻘــــﺐ اﻷﺳــــﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة ESO320-G030 . ﻓـــﻲﻫـــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳـــﻢ اﻟﺘ ﺨ ﻠـــﻲ ﺗﻬـــ ﻤﻦ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﻧـــﻮاة ــــﻒ اﻟﻤﺠـــﺮة ر ــــﺎح دوارة ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﻐـــﺎز اﻟﻜﺜ ﺗﻨــــﺪﻓﻊ إﻟـــﻰ اﻟـــ ـ ﺨﺎرج ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـــﺐ اﻷﺳـــﻮد ﻓـــﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـــﺔ ) اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮب ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﻤﺠـﺮة . ـﺎس ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺗـﻢ ﻗ ﺣﺮﻛــﺔ اﻟﻐــﺎز ﺗــﻢ ﺗﺘ ﻌﻬــﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ اﻟﻀـــﻮء اﻟــ اﻟﻤﻨ ـــــــﺪروﺟ ﻌــــــﺚ ﻣــــــﻦ ﺟﺰ ﺌــــــﺎتﺳــــــ ﺎﻧ ﺪ اﻟﻬ ـــــــــــﺔ ﺎﺳـــــــــــﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼـــــــــــﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣـــــــــــﺎ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ اﻟﻜﺒ ة / ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ . ا ﺠـﺮات ﺑـﺪﻓﻊ ا ـﻮاد ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اً ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰه وﻳﻌﺘﻘ ـﺪ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ـﻚ أن ﻫ ـﺬه اﻟﺮﻳ ـﺎح ا ﻜﺘﺸـﻔﺔ ﺣـﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﺗﻐـﺬي اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ . إن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ا ﻌﻘﺪة ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺌـﺔ أﺻـﻐﺮ ﺑﻜﺜ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء : دواﻣﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﺆدي إﱃ وﻻدة ﻧﺠﻮم وﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وﻳـﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟـﺪوارة اﻟ ﺘـﻲ ﺗﻘـﻮم ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐ ﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﴪﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة . ﺗﻈﻬﺮ أرﺻﺎدﻧﺎ أن اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﻨﻤـﻮ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻤﺎ ﺛﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻬـﺎ وﻟﻜﻨ ﺑﻤﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ ـﺔ وذﻟ ـﻚ ﺑﺤﺴ ـﺐ ﻣ ـﺎرك ﺟﻮ رﺳﻜﻲ ا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴـ ـ ﴘ ﻟﻬـﺬا اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ وزﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف واﻷﺑﺤﺎث ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼـﺎت ﰲ اﻟﻔ ﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﻮرث وﺳﱰن واﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء واﻷرض واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﺗﺸـﺎ ﺮز ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ . - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 4