Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2024

afteritwasfirstseento‘switchon’. Moreover,thevariationsdetected in the galaxy, which is located 300 million light-years away in the con- stellation Virgo, are unlike any seen before, pointing astronomers to- wards a different explanation. Theteamtriedtounderstandthese brightnessvariationsusingacombi- nationofarchivaldataandnewob- servationsfromseveralfacilities,in- cludingtheX-shooterinstrumenton ESO’sVLTinChile’sAtacamaDesert. Comparing the data taken before and after December 2019, they found that SDSS1335+0728 is now radiating much more light at ultra- violet,optical,andinfraredwave- lengths.Thegalaxyalsostartedemittin gX-raysinFebruary2024. “This behaviour is unprecedented,” says Sánchez Sáez, who is also affili- ated with the Millennium InstituteofAstrophysics(MAS)inChile. “Themosttangibleoptiontoex- plain this phenomenon is that weareseeinghowthe[core]ofthe ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 21 ﻓـــــــــــﻲ أواﺧـــــــــــﺮ ﻋـــــــــــﺎم 2019 ـــــــــــﺪأت اﻟﻤﺠــــــــــــﺮة SDSS1335 +0728 ﻓﺠﺄة ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﻛـ ﺳـﻄﻮﻋ ﺎً ﻣـﻦ أيوﻗــﺖ ﻣﻀــﻰوﺗـﻢ ﺗﺼـﻨ ﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻠــﻰ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺤﺘــــﻮيﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻧـــــﻮاة ﻣﺠﺮ ــــ ﺔ ﻧﺸــــﻄﺔ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣـــــﺔ ﺜﻘـــﺐ أﺳـــﻮد ﺿـــ ﻢ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻤﺠـــﺮة وﻫـــﺬﻩ ﻫـــﻲ اﻟﻤـــﺮ ـــﺘﻢﻓﻴﻬـــﺎ رﺻـــﺪ اﺳـــﺘ ﻘﺎظ ة اﻷوﻟـــﻰ اﻟـــ ﺛ ﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﺿ ﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ اﻟﻔﻌﻠـﻲ . ُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫــــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــــﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠــــﻲ اﻟﻘــــﺮص اﻟﻤﺘﻨــــﺎﻣﻲﻣــــﻦ ﺴـــــــﺤﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻘــــــﺐ اﻷﺳــــــﻮد أﺛﻨـــــــﺎء اﻟﻤــــــﻮاد اﻟــــــ ﺗﻐ ﺬ ﺘـﮫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻐـﺎزاﻟﻤﺘــﻮﻓﺮﻓـﻲﻣﺤ ﻄـﮫ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة ﺗﻀﻲء ] ESO / . م [ ﻮرﻤ ﺴﺮ - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 4 ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻓـﺈن اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓـﺎت ا ﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ 300 ﻣ ﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺔ اﻟﻌـﺬراء ﻻ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ أي ﳾء ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻮﺟـﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﻔﺴ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ . ﺣـﺎول اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻫـﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓـﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﻮع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻷرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ واﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ــــ ﺮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ا ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف X-sho ter ا ﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟـﺪاً ﰲ ﺻـﺤﺮاء أ ﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﺑﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ا ـﺄﺧﻮذة ﻗﺒـﻞ دﻳﺴـﻤﱪ 2019 وﺑﻌـﺪه وﺟـﺪوا أن ا ﺠـﺮة SDSS1335+0728 ﺗ ﺸـﻊ اﻵن ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀــﻮء ﻋﻨــﺪ اﻷﻃــﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴــﺔ ﻓــﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴـﺠﻴﺔ ـ واﻟـ ﺒﴫﻳﺔ واﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ ـــــ اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء وﺑـﺪأت ا ﺠـﺮة أﻳﻀـ ﺎً ﰲ إﺻـﺪار اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻓﱪاﻳﺮ 2024 . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺳﺎﻧﺸـﻴﺰ ﺳـﺎﻳﺰ ا ﻨﺘﺴـﺐ أﻳﻀـ إﱃ ﺎً ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ )MAS ( ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ :» ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق «. ﺗﻘﻮل ا ﺆﻟﻔﺔ ا ﺸـﺎرﻛﺔ ﻟﻮرﻳﻨـﺎ ﻫ ﻧﺎ ﻧـﺪﻳﺰ ﻏﺎرﺳــﻴﺎ ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ـﺔ ﻣــﺎس وﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎراﻳﺴﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ " : إن اﻟﺨﻴـﺎر اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ــــ