Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2023 ARABIC VERSION

his video gives an overview of the progress of the Extremely Large Telescope. [ESO] building such a large and complex telescope like the ELT is not free of risks until it’s finished and working. ESO Director General Xavier Bar- cons says: “ The ELT is the largest of the next generation of ground- based optical and near-infrared tel- escopes and the one that is most advanced in its construction. Reach- ing 50% completion is no small feat, given the challenges inherent to large, complex projects, and it was only possible thanks to the commitment of everyone at ESO, the continued support of the ESO Member States and the engage- ment of our partners in industry and instrument consortia. I am ex- tremely proud that the ELT has reached this milestone.” Planned to start scientific observa- tions in 2028, ESO’s ELT will tackle astronomical questions such as: Are we alone in the Universe? Are the laws of physics Universal? How did the first stars and galaxies form? It will dramatically change what we know about our Universe and will make us rethink our place in the cosmos.    ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 7 ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﻄﻠـﺐ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﻌﻨـﺎﴏ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻊ ا ـﺮآة وﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎﺗﻬـﺎ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤـﺔ وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻧﻤﺎذج أوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻣﻔﺼـﻠﺔ ﺎً ﻣﻬﻤ اً واﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻗﺒﻞ إﻧﺘ ﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺤﺔ - ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ ) 19 ( ﻣﻊ إﻏﻼق ا ﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻌﺪة أﺷـﻬﺮ وﺗﺄﺧﺮ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻠ . ﺴﻜﻮب ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎف ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ اﻵن وﺗﺒﺴﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ ا ﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﰲ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻓﻘﻂ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ وا ﻌﻘـﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺨﻠـﻮ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ وﻳﻌﻤﻞ . ﻳﻘـﻮل ا ـﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟـ ESO Xavier Barcons إن ”: ELT ـــــﺪﻳﻮ ﻟﻤﺤـــــﺔ ﻋﺎﻣـــــﺔ ﻋـــــﻦ اﻟﺘﻘـــــﺪم ﻘـــــﺪم ﻫـــــﺬا اﻟﻔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮزﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ ﺔ . [ESO] ﻳﻘ ـﻮل ا ـﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌ ـﺎم ﻟ ﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑ ـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﺰاﻓﻴﻴﻪ ﺑﺎرﻛﻮﻧﺰ إن“ : اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ أﻛﱪ ﺟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺔ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗ ﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ واﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ ﺎً . ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ إن اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ 50 ٪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺠﺎز ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑـﺎﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻬـ ﻧﻈـﺮ اً ﻟﻠﺘﺤـﺪﻳﺎت ا ﻼزﻣ ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻜﺒ ة وا ﻌﻘﺪة وﻟﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ ذﻟـ ﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺎً إﻻ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘـﺰام اﻟﺠﻤﻴـﻊ واﻟـﺪﻋﻢ ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺪول اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﰲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻣﺸـﺎرﻛﺔ ﴍﻛﺎﺋﻨـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ و اﺗﺤﺎدات اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت . أﻧﺎ ﻓﺨﻮر ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﺑـﺄن اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ وﺻﻞ إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﻹﻧﺠﺎز ." ﻣﻦ ا ﻘﺮر أن ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ا ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﻋــﺎم 2028 وﺳــﻮف ﻳﻌــﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﺮﻧــﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ : ﻫﻞ ﻧﺤـﻦ وﺣـﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن؟ ﻫـﻞ ﻗـﻮاﻧ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ؟ ﻛﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻴ ـﻒ ﺗﺸـﻜﻠﺖ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وا ﺠـﺮات اﻷوﱃ؟ ﺳﻴﻐ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻓـﻪ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻨـﺎ وﺳﻴﺠ ﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻔﻜ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻨـﺎ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺎﺳﻊ . - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 3