Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2023 ARABIC VERSION

coating of different ELT mirrors is fully erected and fitted out, while a photovoltaic plant that supplies renewable energy to the ELT site started operating last year. Construction of ESO’s ELT was kick- started nine years ago with a groundbreaking ceremony. The top of Cerro Armazones was flattened in 2014 to allow for space for the giant telescope. Completing the remaining 50% of the project, however, is anticipated to be significantly quicker than building the first half of the ELT. The first half of the project included the lengthy and meticulous process of finalising the design of the vast إن ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ) ﻋﲆ (M4 ا ـ ﺮآة ا ﺘﻜﻴﻔـﺔ وا ﺮﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻀﺒﻂ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ أﻟـﻒ ﻣـﺮة ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺸ ﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤـﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﻬـﻮاء ﻣﺜـ ﻟﻺﻋﺠـﺎب ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ : ﺧﺎص ﺗﻢ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﺘﻼت اﻟﺴﺖ اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ وﺗـﻢ دﻣﺠﻬـﺎ ﰲ و ﺣـﺪﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺗـﻢ إﻧﺘـﺎج ﺟﻤ ﻴـﻊ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻠﻴﺰر اﻟﺴﺘﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﻮن رﺋﻴـ ﴘـ آﺧﺮ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟ ﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب و ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ إﱃ ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎر إن . ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻹﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وا ﻌـﺪات ا ﻟﻼزﻣـﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺘﻘـﺪم أﻳ ﺎً ﻀـ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ أو إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻼ وة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷدوات اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻷرﺑﻌـﺔ اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺰوﻳـﺪ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺑﻬـﺎ ﻫـﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴـﺔ وﺑﻌﻀـﻬﺎ ﻋـﲆ وﺷﻚ اﻟﺒﺪء ﰲ اﻟﺘﺼـﻨﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ذﻟـﻚ ﻓــﺈ ن ﻣﻌﻈــﻢ اﻟﺒﻨﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴــﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤــﺔ ﻟ ﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة اﻵن ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺳـ و أرﻣﺎزوﻧﺰ أو ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻨﻬﺎ . ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ﺜﺎل ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪم ا ﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـ أﺷـﻴﺎء ــــ ـــ ــ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮﻫﺎﺗــﺎن اﻟﺼــﻮرﺎن أ ﻀًــﺎ ﺗﻘــﺪم اﻟﻌﻤــﻞ ﻓــﻲ ﻣﻮﻗــﻊ ــﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ . ﻣﺜــﻞﺳــﺎ ﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺗــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬــــﺎ ﻓــــﻲ ٢٣ ﻳﻮﻧﻴــــﻮ وﻟﻜــــﻦ ﻤــــﺎ ﻤﻜــــﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ـﺎر ـﺪون ﻃ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪامﻃـﺎﺋﺮة . ﻌﻄـــــﻲ اﻷﺷـــــﺨﺎص ﻓـــــﻲ اﻟﺼـــــﻮة ـــــﻞ ﺣـــــﻮل اﻟﻬﻴ اﻟﻌﻤــــﻼق إﺣﺴﺎﺳــــ ﺎً ـ ﺎﻟــــ ﺤ ﻢو ﺴــــﻠﻄﻮن اﻟﻀــــﻮء ﻋﻠﻰﺣ ﻢ ﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ ﺔ . ــﺔ ﻇــﻞ ﺧــﺎرج ﻣﻮﻗــﻊ اﻟ ﻨــﺎء ﻤﻜــﻦ رؤ ﺟﺒــﻞ ﺳــ و أرﻣﺰوﻧــــــــ ﺰ ـــــــــﺔ ﻣُﺴـــــــــﻘﻄًﺎ ﻋﻠــــــــﻰ اﻟﻤﻨـــــــــﺎﻇﺮاﻟﻄﺒ ﻌ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاو ﺔ ] . ESO [ أ ﺧـﺮى ﻟﺘﺨـﺰﻳﻦ ا ﻃـﻼء و ﺮاﻳـﺎ ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤه ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰه ﰲ ﺣ ﺑﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺬي ﻳﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﺘﺠـﺪدة ﻟ ﻠﻤﻮﻗـﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻌـﺎم ا ﺎﴈ . ﺑﺪأ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣﻨ ﺬ ﺗﺴﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات ﺑ ﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻷﺳﺎس ﺗﻢ و ﺗﻤﻬﻴـﺪ اﻟﺠـﺰء اﻟﻌﻠـﻮي ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺒـﻞ ﺳـ و ارﻣـﺎزوﻧﺰ ﰲ ﻋـﺎم 2014 ﻟﺘـﻮﻓ ﺴـﺎﺣﺔ ﻣ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻌﻤﻼق وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﻜﻮن إﻛﻤﺎل اﻟـ 50 ٪ ا ﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ـ ﴩوع أﴎع ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻷول . ﺗﻀـﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻷول ﻣﻦ ا ﺸ ـ ﺮوع ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻮﻟـﺔ ودﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻹﻧﻬﺎء ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ ا ﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻟ ﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب . اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 3