Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2023 ARABIC VERSION

41 perature and causes the star to then swell up to 400 times its original size. Though HR3126 is considerably younger than our Sun — a mere 50 million years old compared to the Sun’s 4.6 billion years — it is five times the mass. This allowed the star to burn through its hydrogen supply and become a red giant much faster than the Sun. As HR 3126 swelled, its atmosphere expanded and it began to shed its outer layers. The expelled stellar material flowed out into the surrounding area, forming a mag- nificent structure of gas and dust that reflects the light from the cen- tral star. Detailed studies of the Toby Jug Nebula in infrared light have re- vealed that silicon dioxide (silica) is the most likely compound reflecting HR3126’s light. Astronomers theo- rize that bipolar structures similar to those seen in the Toby Jug Nebula are the result of interactions be- tween the central red giant and a bi- nary companion star. Previous obser- vations, however, found no such companion to HR3126. Instead, as- tronomers observed an extremely compact disk of material around the central star. This finding suggests that a former binary companion was possibly shredded into the disk, which may have triggered the for- mation of the surrounding nebula. In about five billion years from now, when our Sun has burned through its supply of hydrogen, it too will be- come a red giant and eventually evolve into a planetary nebula. In the very distant future, all that will be left of our Solar System will be a nebula as vibrant as the Toby Jug Nebula with the slowly cooling Sun at its heart. The image was processed by NOIR- Lab’s Communication, Education & Engagement team as part of the NOIRLab Legacy Imaging Program. The observations were made with Gemini South on Cerro Pachón in Chile using one of the dual Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS). Though spectrographs are designed to split light into various wave- lengths for study, the GMOS spec- trographs also have powerful imag- ing capabilities, as demonstrated by this exceptional view of the Toby Jug Nebula.     ﻳﺆدي ﻫﺬا إﱃ رﻓﻊ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﻳﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺼـﻞ إﱃ 400 ﻣﺮة ﺣﺠﻤﻪ اﻷﺻﲇ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻋﻤـﺮ ـــ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ HR3126 أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ إذ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻤﺮه 50 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ 4.6 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ، إﻻ أن ـ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ أﻛﱪ ﺑﺨﻤﺴـﺔ أﺿـﻌﺎف ﺳـﻤﺢ ﻫـﺬا ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺤـﺮق ﻣﺨﺰوﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﺟ وﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻤﻼﻗًﺎ أﺣﻤﺮ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﴎع ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﻣﻊ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ HR 3126 ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﻏﻼﻓﻪ اﻟﺠﻮي وﺑﺪأ ﰲ اﻟـﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣـﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ . ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺖ ا ﺎدة اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ا ﻘﺬوﻓﺔ إﱃ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ، ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ راﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺗﻌﻜـﺲ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻘــﺎدم ﻣــﻦ اﻟــﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛــﺰي . ﻛﺸــﻔﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ إﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء أن ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ ا ﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ) اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ( ﻫﻮ ا ﺮﻛـﺐ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻜﺲﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻢ HR3126 . ﻳﻔﱰض ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ أن اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛـﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ا ﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﻠـﻚ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻫﺪت ﰲ إﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت ﺑ اﻟﻌﻤﻼق اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ا ﺮﻛﺰي واﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ . ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺠﺪ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﺴـﺎﺑ ﻘﺔ أي رﻓﻴﻖ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟ ﻠﻨﺠﻢ HR3126 وﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ذﻟـﻚ رﺻـﺪ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ وﺟـﻮد ﻗـﺮص ﻣﻀﻐﻮط ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ا ـﻮاد ﺣـﻮل اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰي . ﺗﺸ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ إﱃ أﻧﻪ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗـﻢ ﺗﻤﺰﻳﻖ رﻓﻴﻖ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮص ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ أدى إﱃ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺤـﻴﻂ . ﺧﻼل ﺣﻮاﱄ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻵن ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴـﺘﻬﻠﻚ اﻟ ﺸـﻤﺲ ﻣﺨﺰوﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻋﻤﻼﻗـﺎً أﺣﻤـﺮ وﺗﺘﻄﻮر ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ إﱃ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻲ . ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺟ اً ﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺳـﻴﻜﻮن ﺳـﺪﻳﻤﺎً ﺎً ﻀـ ﻧﺎﺑ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ إﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﱪد ﺑﺒﻂء ﰲ . ﻣﺮﻛﺰه ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺼ ﻮرة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ وا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب . ﺗﻢ اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﻧﻮرث ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـﺎز س ﻗﻴـﺎ اﻟﻄﻴﻒ ا ﺰدوج ﻟﻸﺟﺴﺎم ا ﺘﻌـﺪد ) GMOS ( اﻟﺬي ﻳ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻘـﺪرات ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ا ﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ إﺑﺮﻳﻖ . ﺗﻮﺑﻲ ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﺸـ ﻣﺘﺼـﺎﻋﺪ ﻣـﻦﺣﻠﻘـﺎ ـﺎر واﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﻤﺘﻨـﺎﻇﺮة ت اﻟﻐ ـ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺎً إﻟـﻰ اﺣﺘﻀـﺎر ـﻢ أ ﻤـﺮﻋﻤـﻼق ﻗــﺪ ﻢ ﻧ ﻩ رﺻــﺪ ﻤـﺎ ﺗـﻢ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺳـﺎوث اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ــ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻟ ﻤﺮﺻــﺪ ــ ﺟ ﻤ ــﺪﻳﺮﻩ اﻟــﺪوﻟﻲ، اﻟــﺬ ﻣﺨﺘــ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟـ ﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﺔ اﻻﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ اﻟ ﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ُﻘﺎل إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺸ ﮫ اﻟﻄﺮازاﻟﻘـﺪ ﻢ اﻟ ﻟﻺﺑﺮ ـﻖ اﻹﻧﺠ ﻠــ ي ــﺎرة ﻋــﻦﺳـﺪ ﻢ ا ﻫــﻲﻋ ﻧﻌ ﺎﺳــﻲ ﺛﻨــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄــﺐ ﻧـﺎدرا ﻣـﺎ ﻳُــﺮى . ﺗﺸــ اﻷدﻟــﺔ إﻟــﻰ أن ـ ﻫــﺬا اﻟــ ﺗــﻢ ﺗﻤﺰ ﻘــﮫ اﻟﻌﻤــﻼق اﻷ ﻤــﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻀــﺮواﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓــﻖ اﻟــﺬ ــﻮن ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت ﺑــ ﺠﺴﻢ ﺘ اﻵن . ﺗــﻢ اﻟــ ـ ﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﻣــﻦ ﻗﺒــﻞ ﻓﺮ ـﻖ اﻻﺗﺼــﺎﻻت واﻟﺘﻌﻠـ ﻢ واﻟﻤﺸــﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﻣﺨﺘــ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﺪ ﻢ . [T.A. Rector(UniversityofAlaska Anchorage/NSF’sNOIRLab), J. Miller (Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab), M. Ro- driguez (Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab), M. Zamani (NSF’sNOIRLab [( 41 - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 3