Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2023 ARABIC VERSION

New image reveals planets birth around V960 Mon by ESO − Bárbara Ferreira spectacular new image re- leased by the European Southern Observatory gives us clues about how planets as mas- sive as Jupiter could form. Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Atacama Large Mil- limeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), researchers have detected large dusty clumps, close to a young star, that could collapse to create giant planets. “This discovery is truly cap- tivating as it marks the very first de- tection of clumps around a young star that have the potential to give rise to giant planets,” says Alice Zurlo, a researcher at the Universi- dad Diego Portales, Chile, involved in the observations. The work is based on a mesmerising picture obtained with the Spec- tro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exo- planet REsearch (SPHERE) instru- ment on ESO’s VLT that features fascinating detail of the material around the star V960 Mon. This young star is located over 5,000 light-years away in the constellation Monoceros and attracted as- tronomers’ attention when it sud- denly increased its brightness more than twenty times in 2014. SPHERE observations taken shortly after the onset of this brightness ‘outburst’ revealed that the material orbiting V960 Mon is assembling together in a series of intricate spiral arms ex- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 18 ـــــــﺪة ﺗﻜﺸـــــــﻒوﻻدة ﺻــــــﻮرة ﺟﺪ اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐﺣﻮل "V960Mon" ﺑ: ﻘﻠﻢ ﺮ ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا – اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﻓـﻲوﺳـﻂﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـﻮرة اﻟـﻨ ﻢ ـﺎﻓﻊ اﻟ V960 Mon اﻟـﺬ ﻳ ﻌـﺪ أﻛـ ﻣـﻦ 5000 ﺳــﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻮﻛ ﺔ وﺣ ﺪ اﻟﻘﺮن وﺗﺤ ﻂ ﺎﻟﻨ ﻢ ـــــــﺔ ﻣـــــــﻮاد ﻏ ﺎر ــــــــﺔ ذات إﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻟ ــــــــﻮﻳﻦ ﻮاﻛــــــــﺐ ﺘ . ﺟﺪ ﺪة ﺗﻌﻄﻴ ﻨﺎ ـــ ﺻﻮرة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ أﺻـﺪرﻫﺎ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ أدﻟﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ا ﺸﱰي . ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ ﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟـﺪ اً ﺔ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓ و ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ ا ﻠﻴﻤ ﺗﺤـﺖ /ﱰي ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰي اﻟﻜﺒ أ ـﺎ ) ( اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻛﺘﻼً ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﻬﺎر ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ . ﺗﻘﻮل أﻟﻴﺲ زورﻟﻮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دﻳﻴﻐﻮ ﺑﻮرﺗﺎﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ا ﺸـﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠ ﻴـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ " : إن ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺎً ﺣﻘـ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ أول اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻟ ﻌﺪة ﻛﺘـﻞ ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ." ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺻﻮرة راﺋﻌﺔ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـﺎز أﺑﺤـﺎث ﻗﻴـﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻒ واﻻﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎب ﻋﺎﱄ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺜﺒـﺖ ( ﺳﻔﻴ ) ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﻴـﺰ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ راﺋﻌـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ V960 Mon . إن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻴﺎﻓﻊ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ 5000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ وﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘـﺮن وﻗﺪ ﺟﺬب اﻧﺘﺒﺎه اﻟ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ زاد ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺠﺄة أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﴩﻳﻦ ﻣﺮة ﰲ ﻋﺎم ٢٠١٤ . ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رﺻﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ( ﺳﻔﻴ ) ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاؤﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻫـﺬا " اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر " اﻟﺴﻄﻮع أن ا ـﻮاد اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﺪور ﺣﻮل V960 Mon ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻌًـﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ـــ - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 3 ﺗﻌﻄ ﻨﺎ [ESO/ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/ Weber et al]