Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2023 ARABIC VERSION

lead the world in a new era of scien- tific discovery and the search for habitable worlds.” Webb’s image shows a region con- taining approximately 50 young stars, all of them similar in mass to the Sun, or smaller. The darkest areas are the densest, where thick dust cocoons still-forming proto- stars. Huge bipolar jets of molecular hydrogen, represented in red, dom- inate the image, appearing horizon- tally across the upper third and vertically on the right. These occur when a star first bursts through its natal envelope of cosmic dust, shooting out a pair of opposing jets into space like a newborn first stretching her arms out into the world. In contrast, a star has carved out a glowing cave of dust in the lower half of the image. It is the only star in the image that is signifi- cantly more massive than the Sun. “Webb’s image of Rho Ophiuchi al- lows us to witness a very brief period in the stellar lifecycle with new clar- ity. Our own Sun experienced a phase like this, long ago, and now we have the technology to see the beginning of another star’s story,” said Klaus Pontoppidan, who served as Webb project scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, since before the telescope’s launch and through the first year of operations. Some stars in the image display tell- tale shadows indicating protoplane- tary disks – potential future plane- tary systems in the making.    ﻗﺎل ﻧﻴﻜـﻮﻻ ﻓـﻮﻛﺲ ا ـﺪﻳﺮ ا ﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ا ﻬـﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ﰲ واﺷــﻨﻄﻦ " : ﰲ اﻟــﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺴــﻨﻮﻳﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻟ ﺘﺄﺳﻴﺴـﻪ وﻓـﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴ ﻤﺲ وﻳ ـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﻋـﺪه ﺑﻔـﺘﺢ اﻟﻜـﻮن وإﻫـﺪاء اﻟﺒﴩﻳﺔ ﻛﻨﺰ ﺎً راﺋﻌ اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮر واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ إن ". ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﻋﺠﻮﺑﺔ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء وا ﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ﻟﻢ وﻗﺪ أﻋﻄﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻬﻤ ﺎً أﻛﺜﺮ اً ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮات واﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻷﻏﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أي وﻗﺖ ﻣﻀ ﻰ ـ ﻣﻤﺎ أرﳻ اﻷﺳـﺎس ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﻟﻘﻴـﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﰲ ﻋـ ـ ﴫﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻮاﻟﻢ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ 50 ﻧﺠﻤـﺎً ﻳﺎﻓﻌـﺎً ﻠﻬـﺎ وﻛ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ أو أﺻـﻐﺮ . ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻇﻠﻤـﺔ ﻫـﻲ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﻛﺜﺎﻓـﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﴍاﻧﻖ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻚ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻮﻣًﺎ أوﻟﻴﺔ . ﺗﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻧﻔﺎﺛـﺎت ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﻴـﺔ اﻟﻘﻄـﺐ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﺟ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ وﺗﻈﻬﺮ أﻓﻘﻴ ﺎً ﻋﱪ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي وﻋﻤﻮدﻳـﺎً ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻴﺴـﺎر . ﻳ ا ﺤﺪث ﻫﺬ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﱪ ﻏﻼﻓـﻪ ـــ 14 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ـــﺪﻳﻮ ﺑﺠﻮﻟـــﺔ ﻘـــﻮم ﻫـــﺬا اﻟﻔ راﺋﻌـــﺔ ﻓـــﻲﺟـــﺰء ﻣـــﻦ ﺗﺘ ﻤـــﻊ ﺳـــﺤﺎ ﺔ رو أوﻓﻴﻮﺗﺸـــﻲ وﻫـــﻲ أﻗـــﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ ﻟﺘﺸـــ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮم إﻟـــﻰ اﻷرض . ـــﺎت ـــﺪء اﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﺗـــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘـــﺎط اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔـــﺎل ﺎﻟـــﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺴـــﻨﻮ ﺔ اﻷوﻟـــﻰ ﻟ ـــــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀــــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـــــﺎ ــــﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻮبﺟــــ ﻤﺲو اﻟﻌﻠﻤ . ﺗﺘﻘــــﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـــــﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺠــــﺮة ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـــــﻮم اﻟ ﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎزاﻟﺒ ـﺪروﺟ ﻧ ﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻂو ﻀـﻲء اﻟﻬ ـ اﻟـ ﺠﺰ ﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷ ﻤﺮ . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻈ ﻼل اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮص اﻟﻤﺤ ﻂ ﺎﻟﻨ ﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺸ ﻞ أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ــﺔ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘ ﻠ ﺔ ﻮﻛﺒ . ﻤﺠــﺮ د أن ﻈﻬــﺮﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴــﻲ ﺄ ﻤﻠــﮫ ﻤـﺎ ﻓــﻲذﻟــﻚ ﺗـﺎر ﺦ اﻟــ ـ ﺤ ﺎة ﻤـﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻓــﮫ ﺸــﻲء ﻣــﻦ ﻫـــﺬا اﻟﻘﺒﻴــﻞ إذا ﻧﻈﺮـــﺎ ــﺪة ــﮫ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺴـــﺎﻓﺔ ﻌ إﻟ . ﻓـــﻲ اﻷﺳــﻔﻞ ﻳﻬــ ﻤﻦ ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﻬـــﻒ ــﻒ ــﻢ ﻓــﻲﻣﺮﻛــﺰاﻟﺘﺠﻮ ــﺎر وﻗــﺪ ﺗـﻢ ﻧﺤﺘــﮫ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﻧ ﻣﺘـﻮﻫﺞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐ ــﺪ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺼــﻮرة وﻫـﻮ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻮﺣ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻀﺨﺎﻣﺔ أﻛ ﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ] NASA, ESA, CSA, Greg Bacon (STScI [( اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ وﻳﻄﻠﻖ زوﺟ ﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت ا ﺘﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﻟـﻮد ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻳﻤــﺪ ذراﻋﻴــﻪ ﻷول إﱃ اﻟﻌــﺎﻟﻢ وﰲ ا ﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺎم ﻧﺠﻢ ﺑﻨﺤﺖ ﻛﻬﻒ ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺴﻔﲇ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮرة إﻧـﻪ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﰲ اﻟﺼـﻮرة اﻟـﺬي ﻫـﻮ أﻛـﱪ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . إن ﺻـﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ) رو أوﻓﻴﻮﺗ ( ﴚـ ﺗﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة ﻓﱰة ﻗﺼ ة ﺟﺪ اً ﻣﻦ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﺟﺪﻳﺪ . ﻗﺎل ﻛﻼوس ﺑﻮﻧﺘﻮﺑﻴﺪان اﻟﺬي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﰲ ﺮوع ـﻣﺸ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺑـﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻮر ﺑ ﻮﻻﻳـﺔ ﻣﺎرﻳﻼﻧﺪ ): ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﺮت اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻛﻬﺬه ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﱰة ﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ واﻵن ﻟـﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻧﺠﻢ آﺧﺮ ." ﻗﺒـﻞ إﻃـﻼق اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻇﻼ ﻻً ﺗﺸ إﱃ أﻗـﺮاصﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ أوﻟﻴـﺔ وﻫـﻲ أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ . اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻘــﺪ واﻟــ ـ ﺤﻘﻞ اﻟﺴــﺪ ﻤﻲﺣــﻮل ﺳــﺤﺎ ﺔ رو أوﻓﻴﻮﺗﺸــﻲ . [NASA, ESA, CSA,TAlyssa Pagan (STScI). Acknowledgment IPAC, Caltech, Akira Fujii DSS] - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 3