Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2023 ARABIC VERSION

Protostars and dark clouds collide in the stellar nursery by NOIRLab − Charles Blue he clashing of energy and mat- ter can lead to fantastical sites on Earth, such as glowing au- roras and powerful lightning dis- plays. The same can be said about space, where energy from bright young stars and protostars floods their surroundings, illuminating vast interstellar clouds of dust and gas to create spectacular objects known as reflection nebulae. One stunning ex- ample of these clashing forces is the star-forming interstellar cloud Lupus 3, captured here by the 570-mega- pixel US Department of Energy-fab- ricated Dark Energy Camera at NSF’s NOIRLab’s Cerro Tololo Inter-Ameri- can Observatory in Chile. This star- forming nebula is located about 500 light-years from Earth in the direc- tion of the constellation Lupus (the Wolf). The two blue stars blazing in the center of the sprawling nebula, known as HR 5999 and HR 6000, il- luminate nearby gas and dust, creat- ing the bright blue reflection nebula Bernes 149. These stars grew out of the dark nebula Lupus 3, which stretches like a blanket across the background of stars. This cloud is not just a coal- black cosmic blob, however. It is home to a fleet of infant stars known as T Tauri stars, which will eventually use the material of Lupus 3 to grow into fully fledged stars. اﻟﻨﺠـــــﻮم ـــــﺔ اﻟ ﺪاﺋ واﻟﺴـــــﺤﺐ اﻟﺪاﻛﻨـــــــــــــــﺔ ﺗﺘﺼـــــــــــــــﺎدم ﻓـــــــــــــــﻲ ﺎتﺿﻨ ﺎﺤـاﻟ اﻟﻨ ﻤ ﺔ ـ إﻧـ ﺗﺼﺎدم اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وا ﺎدة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻷرض ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ ا ﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ ا ﺘﻮﻫﺞ وﻋـﺮوض اﻟـﱪق اﻟﻘﻮﻳـ ﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻮل اﻟﺸ ـ ﻲء ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺼـﺎدرة ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻼﻣﻌﺔ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬـﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﴤء ﻏﻴﻮﻣﺎً واﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﻐﺎز ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺟﺴﺎم ﻣﺬﻫﻠـﺔ ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﺪم اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ . : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ – ﻠﻮ ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﺴـﺪم اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳـﻴﺔ . أﺣــﺪ اﻷﻣﺜﻠـﺔ ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى ا ﺘﺼﺎدﻣﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ) ﻟﻮﺑـﻮس 3( اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬـﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﻛـﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ 570 ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ إﻧﱰأﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎن اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺸﻜﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 500 ﺳــﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرضﰲ اﺗﺠـﺎه ـــــ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ ﻟﻮﺑﻮس اﻟﺬﺋﺐ ) .( اﻟﻨﺠﻤﺎن اﻷزرﻗـﺎن ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠﺎن وﺳﻂ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ا ﱰاﻣﻲ اﻷﻃـﺮاف وا ﻌـﺮوﻓ ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ HR 5999 و HR 6000 ﻳﻀﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟ ﺴﺪﻳﻢ اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﳼ اﻷزرق اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ ﺑ ﻧﺰ ) 149 (. ﻧﺸﺄت ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻟﻮﺑﻮس ) 3( ا ﻈﻠﻢ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻤﺘـﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﺒ ﻄﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻟ ﻴﺴـﺖ ﻣﺠـﺮد ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻮداء إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻷﺳـﻄﻮل ـــ إن - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 3