Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2022 ARABIC VERSION

January to November 1983, and by the AKARI Space Telescope, opera- tional from February 2006 to No- vember 2011. In addition to the temporal separation, these two data- bases were chosen for the relative homogeneity of the data they con- tain: both cover far-infrared wave- lengths close to the flux peaks of known giant planets in our solar sys- tem. It is reasonable to expect that the flux peak of the hypothetical Planet Nine would also fall within that range. But why start a search of this type if, as mentioned above, the positions in the sky of the known planets are now harmonizing with those calcu- lated? One would assume that the existence of a large planet on the outer borders of the solar system would no longer seem necessary. In reality, this is not the case. Since 2012, astronomers have known that a non-negligible number of discov- ered Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs, a category that includes dwarf plan- ets, large asteroids and cometary nuclei) share the properties of hav- ing their perihelion near the ecliptic and on the same side of the Sun, or- bits oriented in the same direction and inclined by about 30°, and they are physically grouped. In short, at least a dozen TNOs, including the dwarf planet Sedna, are concen- trated in a statistically very unlikely way. Supercomputer simulations performed in 2015 by Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown (California Institute of Technology) show that there is only one chance in nearly 15,000 that the orbital clustering of those TNOs is random. That scenario could instead be explained by one ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٣٨ إراس) ( واﻟﺬي ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﱰة ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ إﱃ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ اﻟﻌﺎم ١٩٨٣ ، وﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب أﻛـﺎري ) ( اﻟـﺬي ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﱪاﻳـﺮ ٢٠٠٦ إﱃ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ٢٠١١ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ اﻟﻔ ﺎ ﺻـﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨـﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻲ اﻟﺒ ﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺠـﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻬـﺎ ﻓ: ﻜﻼﻫﻤـﺎ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ــ ـــــ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﻴﺔ و ﻣﻦ ا ﻌﻘﻮل ﺗﻮﻗـﻊ أن ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ذروة اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ اﻻﻓﱰاﴈ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻄﺎق . ﻟﻜﻦ ﺎذا ﻧﺒـﺪ أ ﺑﺤﺜًـﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ ﺬا اﻟﻨـﻮع إذا ، ﻛﻤـﺎ ذﻛﺮﻧـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ، أن ا ﻮاﻗﻊ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﰲ ﺳـﻤﺎء ﺗﻨﺴـﺠﻢ اﻵن ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ؟ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔـﱰض ا ـﺮء أن وﺟﻮد ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻛﺒـ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺤـﺪود اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﴐورﻳًـﺎ ، ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﻫﺬه ﻟﻴﺴﺖ اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ، ﻓ اﻟ ﻤﻨﺬ ﻌﺎم ٢٠١٢ ﻋـﺮف ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ أن ﻋـﺪ دًا ﻻ ﻳﺴـﺘﻬﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ) اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ا ﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن وﻫﻲ ﻓﺌـﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻘﺰﻣﺔ واﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺒـ ة ﻧﻮى ا ـﺬﻧﺒﺎت ( ﺗﺸـﱰك ﰲ ﺧﺼـﺎﺋﺺ وﺟـﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺣﻀﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ أن ﻣـﺪاراﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﺪ ﻋـﲆ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺶ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﺗﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه وﺗﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺤﻮاﱄ ٣٠ درﺟـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺎر اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي ﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻳﱰﻛﺰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﴩ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﻘـﺰم ) ( ﺳـﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴـﺔ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب اﻟﻌﻤﻼق اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮاﻫـﺎ ﻛ ﻮﻧﺴـﺘﺎﻧﺘ ﺑـﺎﺗﻴﺠ وﻣﺎﻳــﻚ ﺑــﺮاون ﻣــﻦ ) ﻣﻌﻬــﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴــﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ( ﰲ ﻋﺎم ٢٠١٥ أن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺑـ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺮب ﻣـﻦ ﺣـﻮاﱄ ١٥,٠٠٠ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌـﺎت ا ﺪارﻳـ ﺔ ﻟﺘﻠـﻚ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن . ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﺴ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﺣﺪى ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌ ﺪﻳﺪة ا ﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﺑ ،،،،،، ٥-١٥ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ أرﺿﻴﺔ وﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﱰاوح ﺳﺒﺘﻤ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2022 ﺳــﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺎﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ اﻟﺼـﻮر اﻟـ اﻟﻘــﺰمﺳــ ﺪﻧﺎ . ــﻮن ﻫــﺬا اﻟــ ﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﻳ ـ ﺠﺴﻢﻫــﻮ ﺗﺘﻌـــــــﺮض أﻛـــــــ اﻷﺟﺴــــــﺎم اﻟـــــــ اﻷﻛــــــ ﻣـــــــﻦ ﺑــــــ ﻟﻼﺿـــــﻄﺮاب ﺸـــــ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎﺷـــــﺮ ﻣـــــ ﻦ اﻟ ﻮﻛـــــﺐ اﻟﻜﺒـــــ ﺳﻴ ﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدًا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ اﻻﻓ اﺿﻲ اﻟﺬ ـ ﺤﺪود ـاﻟ ﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ [Palomar Observatory] ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮر ﺘﺎر ﺦ ٥ ﻧﻮﻓﻤ ٢٠١٢ ، ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﺎﻛﺘﺸﺎف ، ﻔﺼﻞ ﺑ ﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲﺳﺎﻋﺘ 2012 VP113 ، وﻫﻮ أ ﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺮف ﺎﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨ ﺘﻮن اﻵن ﺣ ) ﻣﻊ أوج ا ﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻎ ( ٤٤٦ وﺣﺪة ﻓﻠﻜ ﺔ وﻓ ة ﻣﺪار ﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻎ ٤٢٧٤ ،ﺳﻨﺔ وﻳ ﺪو اﻧﮫ ﺘﺤﺮك ﺑ ﻂء أﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻤﺠﺮات . [Scott Sheppard/Carnegie Institution for Science]