Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2022 ARABIC VERSION

A n international team of as- tronomers have used ground- based telescopes, including the European Southern Observa- tory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT), to track Neptune’s atmos- pheric temperatures over a 17-year period. They found a surprising drop in Neptune’s global temperatures T 2020. The first three images (2006, 2009, 2018) were taken with the VISIR in- his composite shows thermal images of Neptune taken between 2006 and strument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope while the 2020 image was captured by the COMICS instrument on the Subaru Telescope (VISIR wasn’t in operation in mid-late 2020 because of the pandemic). After the planet’s gradual cooling, the south pole appears to have become dramatically warmer in the past few years, as shown by a bright spot at the bottom of Neptune in the images from 2018 a d 2020. [ESO/M. Roman, NAOJ/Subaru/COMICS] ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٢٨ ﺗﻐــــــ اتﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌــــــ ﺔ ﻓــــــﻲ درﺟﺎتﺣﺮارة ﻧ ﺘﻮن : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ ا ﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺮﻳ ـﻖ دوﱄ ﻣ ـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤ ـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ـﻚ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﺷﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟﺪًا اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻟ ﺘﺘﺒـﻊ درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮ ي ﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﻧﺒﺘـﻮن ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى ١٧ ، و ﻋﺎﻣًﺎ وﺟﺪوا اﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿًﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎس درﺟـﺎت اﻟﺤـﺮارة ﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﻟﻨﺒﺘـﻮن ـــــــــــــــ ﻋـﺎﻣﻲ ﺻـﻮرﺣﺮار ـﺔ ﻟﻨ ﺘــﻮن اﻟﺘﻘﻄـﺖ ﺑـ ٢٠٠٦ و ٢٠٢٠ . ﺗــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘــﺎط اﻟﺼــﻮراﻟــﺜﻼث اﻷوﻟـﻰ ) ٢٠٠٦ ، ٢٠٠٩ ، ٢٠١٨ ( ﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـــﺎز VISIR ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـــ ﺟـــﺪًا ) (VLT ﺑ ﻨﻤــــﺎ ﺗـــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘـــﺎطﺻــــﻮرة ٢٠٢٠ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أداة COMICS ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺳﻮ ﺎرو ) ﻟﻢ ﻜـﻦ ﺟﻬـﺎز VISIR ـﺪ اﻟﺘﺸـﻐﻴﻞ ﻓـﻲﻣﻨﺘﺼـﻒ ﻗ أواﺧـﺮﻋــﺎم ٢٠٢٠ ــﺎء ﻮروﻧــﺎ ﺴــ ﺐ و .( ــﺪو أن اﻟﻘﻄــﺐ اﻟــ ــﺪ اﻟﺘـﺪر ﺠﻲ ﻟﻠ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﻳ ﻌـﺪ اﻟﺘ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲﻗــﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ أﻛ دﻓﺌًﺎ ﺸ ﻞ ﻛﺒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴـﻨﻮات اﻟﻘﻠ ﻠـﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿـ ﺔ ، ﻤـﺎ ﺘﻀـﺢ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ ﻣﻀـﻴﺌﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟـ ـ ﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲﻣﻦ ﻮﻛﺐ ﻧ ﺘﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرﻣﻦ ٢٠١٨ و ٢٠٢٠ . ﺳﺒﺘﻤ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2022 [ESO/M. Roman, NAOJ/Subaru/COMICS]