Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

ently moving between the sunspots in the active region. Carrington’s ob- servation was confirmed by an inde- pendent observation conducted by his compatriot and fellow amateur astronomer Richard Hodgson. Un- like the latter, Carrington had the merit of associating that “white light flare” (as he himself defined it) with the extraordinary events that occurred on our planet the follow- ing day: very bright auroras visible at any latitude and strong electrical interference. It is for understanding the link between cause and effect that the ex- traordinary geomag- netic storm (classified as “great”) he witnessed the initiation of is called the “Carrington Event.” The exceptional nature of that storm can also be attributed to the fact that it crossed the dis- tance of almost 150 mil- lion km (93 million miles) between the Sun and the Earth in just 17.6 hours, much faster than the period of a few days usually taken by CMEs to reach the Earth’s orbit. Follow-up investigations over the last 150 years point to the auro- ral displays of August 28 and 29, 1859 as indicating that a prior CME was the reason why the September 8 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 4 ﻣــ ل ــﺎرﻨﻐﺘﻮن ﻣــﻊ ﻣﺮﺻـــﺪﻩ اﻟﺬ ﺗﻢ ﻨﺎؤﻩ ﻋـﺎم 1852 ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗــــــــــــــﻞ ﻓــــــــــــــﻮرز ﺑ ﻠــــــــــــــﺪة ر ــــــــــــــﺪﻫﻴﻞ ﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜــﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤــﺪة . ﻌــﻮد ﺗـﺎر ﺦ ﻫـــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳـــﻢ إﻟـــﻰ ﻋـــﺎم 1857 أو ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑ ﻀﻊﺳﻨﻮات . ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻋﲆ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺒﺪو ﺑ اﻟﺒﻘﻊ اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ . ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴـﺪ رﺻﺪ ﻐﻨ ﻛﺎرﻳ ﺘﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل رﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ أﺟﺮاه ﻣﻮاﻃﻨـﻪ وزﻣﻴﻠــ ﻪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜــﻲ اﻟﻬــﺎوي رﻳﺘﺸﺎرد ﻫﻮدﺟﺴـﻮن وﻋـﲆ اﻟﻨﻘـﻴﺾ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺧــ ﻛ ـﺎن ﻟﻜــﺎرﻳﻨ ﻐ ﺘﻮن ﻣﻴــﺰة رﺑــﻂ » ﺗﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻛﻤﺎ )« ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ( ﺑﺎﻷﺣـﺪاث ﻏ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺘﺎﱄ : ﺷـﻔﻖ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺎ ﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ أي ﺧﻂ ﻋﺮض وﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻮي وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ أﻃﻠـﻖ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻌﺎﺻـﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻏـ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳـﺔ واﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴـﺔ ) ا ﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋ "( ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ " ﲆ أﻧﻬﺎ اﺳـﻢ ﺣـﺪث " " ﺘﻮنﻐ ﻛﺎرﻳﻨ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀﺎ أن ﺗﻌﺰى اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﺎﺻـﻔﺔ إﱃ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﻗﻄﻌـﺖ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 150 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﻛﻴﻠـﻮ ﻣﱰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎً )93 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ ( ﺑـ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ واﻷرض ﰲ 17.6 ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ أي أﴎع ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ ﻓﱰة ﺑﻀـﻌﺔ أﻳﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋـﺎدةً ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺘﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻹﻛﻠﻴﲇ ﻟﻠﻮﺻـﻮل إﱃ ﻣـﺪار اﻷرض . ﺗﺸ ـ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﺸ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ا ﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣـﺪار اﻟــ 150 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣ ا ﺎﺿﻴﺔ إﱃ ﻋﺮوض اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒـﻲ ﰲ 28 و 29 أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 1859 ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ ﺗﺸ إﱃ أن اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻹﻛﻠﻴﲇ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻛـﺎن اﻟﺴـﺒﺐ ﰲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻹﻛﻠﻴﲇ ﰲ اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﺳـﺒﺘﻤﱪ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟ .ﴪﻋﺔ ـ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛـ ﺎً إﻛﻠﻴﻠﻴًﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤًﺎ اﻧﻔﺠﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﰲ رﺳـﻢ ـﺎر ﻨ ﻐ ﺼـﻮر ﺘﻮن اﻟـﺬ اﻟ ﻘﻌــﺔ ﺣـــــــﺪث ﻓﻴﻬــــــــﺎ اﻟﺘــــــــﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﻨﺸـــــــﻄﺔ اﻟــــــــ اﻟﺸﻤﺴــــﻲ ﻓـــــﻲ ) AB ( ﻓـــــﻲ 1 ﺳـــــ ﺘﻤ 1859 وﻓــــﻲ اﻟﻴـــــﻮم اﻟﺘــــﺎﻟ ﻧـــــﺘﺞﻲ أﻋﻨـــــﻒ ﻋﺎﺻـــــــﻔﺔ ﺎ ﻣﻐﻨ ﺟﻴﻮ ﺔ ﻃ ﺴــــــــ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓــــــــﺔ . ـــــــﺎن ﻟﻠ ﺘــــــــﻮﻫﺞ ـــــــﻞ ﺛﻨــــــــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄــــــــﺐ ﻫﻴ وﻇﻠـــــﺖ اﻟﻈـــــ ـــــﺔ ﻟﻤـــــﺪة ﻤـــــﺲ ﺎﻫﺮة ﻣﺮ ــﺎ دﻗــﺎﺋﻖ ﺗﻘﺮ ووُﺟــﺪ أﻧﻬــﺎ ﺗﺘﺤــﺮك ﻓـــﻲ ) C-D ( ﺎ ﺗﺠــــــــﺎﻩ اﻟﻐـــــــــﺮ ﺑ ﻀــــــــﻊ درﺟـــــــــﺎت و ﻔـــــــــــ ض أن اﻟ ﻼزﻣـــــــــــﺎ ﻣـــــــــــﻦ اﻟﺘـــــــــــﻮﻫﺞ ﺗﻘﻮﺳــــــﺖ ﻓــــــﻮق اﻟــــــ ـ ﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺮﻛــــــﺰي ﻣــــــﻦ ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋـــــﺔ اﻟ ﻘـــــﻊ اﻟﺸﻤﺴـــــ ﺔ وﺗﻤـــــﺪدت و أﺻـﺒﺢ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻌﺐ ﺗﻤﻴ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺮدت ﺣـ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻐــﻼف اﻟﻀــﻮﺋﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﺳــﻲ . ﻫﻨـﺎك ـــﺎ ـــﺎ وأﻣﺮ ـــﺔ ﻓـــﻲ أورو ﺷـــﻬﺎدات ﺗﺎر ﺨ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ وأﺳـ اﻟ ﺎ ﺗ ﻜـﻲﻋـﻦﺷـﺮارات ﺗﻨ ﻌــــــــــ ﺚ ﻣــــــــــﻦ ﺗ ﻤـــــــــــﻞ اﻷﺳـــــــــــﻼك اﻟــــــــــ اﻹﺷـــﺎرات وﻫـــﻲﺷـــﺮارات ﺗﺴـــﺒ ﺖ ﻓـــﻲ ـ ﻌﺾ اﻟ ﺤﺎﻻت ﻓﻲﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﺻﻐ ة .