Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

expected for next year), CMEs di- rected towards Earth become far more likely due simply to the overall increase in the number of solar flares being produced. When the minimum requirements are met and a geomagnetic storm is unleashed, the fascinating auroras distract (non-experts) from their potential dangers, which include the potential for significant damage to our tech- nologies and our daily activities. For example, the event of May 10 th had a heavy impact on communications, air traffic, satellite operations, and t - s r , t s low orbit one day before the solar plasma inter- acted with Earth’s a t m o s p h e r e , causing it to swell and slow down the motion of SpaceX satellites. Problems of this type are not easily avoidable, both because CMEs are unpredictable and because, on average, just 15−18 hours pass between when they are triggered and when the plasma - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 4 ﺧــﻼل اﻟﻔــ ة ﻣــﻦ 3 إﻟــﻰ 9 ﻣــﺎﻳﻮ 2024 ﺳــﺠﻞ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ د ﻨﺎﻣ ﻜ ـﺎ اﻟﺸــﻤﺲاﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـــﺎ 82 ﺗﻮﻫﺠًـــﺎ ﺷﻤﺴـــ ﺎً ﺎ اً ﺟـــﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﺮﺻـــﺪ ﺟـــﺎء . ت اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠـــﺎت ﺸـــ ﻞ أﺳﺎﺳـــﻲ ﻣـــﻦ ﻘﻌﺘـــ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﺸـــﻤﺲ ﺗﺴـــﻤﻰ ﻧﺸـــﻄﺘ AR 3663 و AR 3664 . ﺴـــﻠﻂﻫـــﺬا ـــﺪﻳﻮ اﻟﻀــــﻮء ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﻤﻴــــﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠــــﺎت اﻟﻤﺼـــﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠــــﻰ أﻧﻬـــﺎ اﻟﻔ M5 أو أﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻣــــﻊ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻫﺠﺎتﺷﻤﺴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻔﺌﺔ X . اﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺳـﺘﺔ ﻣـﻦ ـــــﺔ ﺎﺗﺠــــﺎﻩ اﻷرضﻣـــــﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘــــﺔ ــــﺔ اﻹ ﻠ ﻠ اﻻﻧ ﻌﺎﺛــــﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﻠ AR 3664 اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗـــــﺔ واﺻــﻄﺪﻣﺖ ﺑ ﻮﻛ ﻨـــﺎ ﻓــﻲ 10 ﻣـــﺎﻳﻮ اﻟﺴــﺎﻋﺔ 45:16 ـــﺖ اﻟﻌــﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗ ﻣﻤـــﺎ أد ـــــــﺎساﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـــــــ ﺔ ﺣـــــــﻮل اﻟﻌـــــــﺎﻟﻢ و إﻟـــــــﻰ اﻫـــــــ ازأﺟﻬـــــــﺰة ﻗ ﺣـــــــﺪوث ﻋﺎﺻـــــــﻔﺔ ﺎ ﻣﻐﻨ ﺟﻴﻮ ﻃ ﺴ ﺔ ﻗﻮ ﺔ .] NASA’s God- dard Space Flight Center [ ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﻴﺰة : ﺗﺸـﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﱰوﺟـ ﺑـﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷ زرق واﻷﻛﺴﺠ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠ ﴬ ﻮن اﻷﺧ ـ واﻷﻛﺴﺠ اﻟﺬري ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ . ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺆدي اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻹﻛﻠﻴﲇ اﻟﻜﺘﲇ إﱃ ﺷـﻔﻖ ﻛﺒ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺠـ ﺐ أن ﻳﻨﺸـﺄ ﻣـﻦ ﺗـﻮﻫﺞ ﺷﻤﴘ ﻗﻮي ﺟﺪاً ﻋﺎدةً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔﺌـﺔ )X( ﻟﻜـﻦ ﻫـﺬا ﰲ ﺣـﺪ ذاﺗـﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔـﻲ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻳﺠـﺐ أن ـﻳﻨ ﺘﴩ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﻼز ﻣﺎ أﻳﻀﺎً ﰲ اﺗﺠـﺎه اﻷر ض ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً وﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ ﻧﺎدر اﻟﺤـﺪوث ﻧﻈـﺮ اُ ﻟﺤﺠـﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﺑﻌﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ . ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ذروة اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط اﻟﺸـ ﻣـﻦ ) ﻤﴘ ـ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗ ـ ﴡ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟـﺪورة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ وا ـﻟ ﻌﴩﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎم ا ﻘﺒﻞ 2025 ( ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﻠﻴـﺔ اﻹﻛﻠﻴﻠﻴـﺔ ا ﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﺤـﻮ اﻷرض أﻛﺜـﺮ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﺑﺴﺒ ﺐ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋـﺪد اﻟﺘ ﻮﻫﺠـﺎت اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳـﺘﻢ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬـﺎ . ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻳـﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧـﻰ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺘﻄﻠﺒـﺎت وﻳـﺘﻢ ـــــ اﻟﺸـــــــﻔﻖ ﻳـــــــﻮم اﻟﻘﻄـــــــ 10 ﻣـــــــﺎﻳﻮ 2024 ﺗـــــــﻢ ﺗﺼــــﻮﻳﺮﻩ ــــﺔ ــــﺎ اﻟ ﻄﺎﻧ ﻓــــﻲﺟﻨــــﻮب ﻏــــﺮ ﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒ . ] ﻛﻨﺪا NASA/ Mara Johnson-Groh [ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ ﺟﻴﻮﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓـﺈن اﻟﺸﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ﻳ ـ ﻏـ) ﴫف اﻧﺘﺒـﺎه اﻟﺨﱪاء ( ﻋﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻫﺎ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوثﴐر ﻛﺒ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ وأﻧﺸﻄﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ . ، ﻛـﺎن ﻟﺤـﺪث / ﻣــﺎﻳﻮ ـﲆ اﻻﺗﺼـﺎﻻت، ، وﻋﻤﻠﻴـــﺎت اﻷﻗﻤـــﺎر ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﴡ ﺗﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ا ﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻴ ﻴ . ـﺒﻴﻞ ا ﺜﺎل ﻛﺎن ﻟﺤﺪث 10 ﻮﻣﺎﻳ 2024 اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺗــﺄﺛ ﻛﺒــ ﻋــﲆ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت واﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻳــﺔ وﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎت اﻷﻗﻤ ـﺎر اﻟﺼ ـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ وأﻧﺸــﻄﺔ ﻻ ﻛﺜــ ة ﺗﻌــﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤــ ﴡ ـ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋـﲆ أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـــﺪ ا ﻮاﻗـــﻊ اﻟﻌﺎ ﻴﺔ )GPS .( ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﻗﻠـﻴﻼً ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻣ رس ﻣﺎ ﰲ 2022 أدت ﻋﺎﺻـﻔﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻴﺔ أﻗـﻞ ﻋﻨﻔـ ﺎً ﺑﻜﺜ إﱃ ﺗـﺪﻣ 40 اً ﻗﻤـﺮ ﺎُ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﻴ ﻣـﻦ إﻃﻼﻗﻬــﺎ ﰲ ﻣــﺪار أﺻﻞ 49 ﻗﻤﺮاً ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺎً ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴ ﺳﺘﺎرﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺗـﻢ إﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺪار ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﻮم واﺣﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺒﻼزﻣ ﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻸرض ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻀﺨﻤﻪ واﺑﻄـﺄ ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ