Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

42 Top of iconic Horsehead Nebula in unprecedented detail by NASA/ESA/CSA − Bethany Downer ASA’s James Webb Space Tele- scope has captured the sharpest infrared images to date of a zoomed-in portion of one of the most distinctive objects in our skies, the Horsehead Nebula. These observations show the top of the “horse's mane” or edge of this iconic nebula in a whole new light, capturing the region’s complexity with unprecedented spatial resolu- tion. Webb’s new images show part of the sky in the constellation Orion (The Hunter), in the western side of a dense region known as the Orion B molecular cloud. Rising from turbulent waves of dust and gas is the Horsehead Nebula, otherwise known as Barnard 33, which resides roughly 1,300 light-years away. The nebula formed from a collaps- ing interstellar cloud of material, and glows because it is illuminated by a nearby hot star. The gas clouds ﻗﻤﺔﺳﺪ ﻢ رأس ـاﻟ ﺤﺼﺎن ﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮ – و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﺗﺮﻛــﺰ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﻟﺴــﺪ ﻢ رأس اﻟــ ـ ﺤﺼﺎن ﻋﻠـــﻰ ـ اﻟـ " ﻋﺮف" ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺤﺼﺎن ﻳ ﻠـﻎ ﻋﺮﺿـﮫ ﺣـﻮاﻟﻲ 0.8 ﺳــــــﻨﺔ ﺿــــــﻮﺋ ﺔ . ــــــﺎﻣ ا ﺗـــــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬــــــﺎ ﺑ ) ـــــــﺎم ﻧ ( ﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب و ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ . ﺗﻤﺘﻠﺊ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻷﺛ ﺔ ـــــﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق ﻓـــــﻲ أﺳـــــﻔﻞ اﻟﺼـــــﻮر ﺗﻈﻬـــــﺮ اﻟـــــ ة ﻤ ﻤﻮﻋـــــﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋـــــﺔ ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﻤـــــﻮاد ﻤـــــﺎ ﻓـــــﻲذﻟـــــﻚ واﻟﻤ ﺜــــﺎن واﻟـــــ ــــﺪروﺟ اﻟﻬ ـ ﺠﻠ ﺪ اﻟﻤــــﺎﺋﻲ وﺗﻤﺜـــــﻞ ـ اﻟـــــــ ﺨﺼﻼت اﻟـــــــ ـ ﺗﻤﺘـــــــﺪ ﻓـــــــﻮق اﻟﺴــــــــﺪ ﻢ ﻤﺮاء اﻟـــــــ اﻟـــﺬريواﻟـــ ـــﺪروﺟ ـــﻼ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻬ اﻟﺮ ﺴـــﻲ ـ ﺠﺰ ﻓـــﻲﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘــــﺔ اﻟ ﻤﻌﺮوﻓـــﺔ ﺎﺳـــﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘــــﺔ اﻟﺘﻔ ﻚ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻖ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟ ﻨﻔﺴـﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣــــﺔ ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــــﻮم اﻟ ـــــﺔ ﺸــــﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻀــــ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮ ـــﺎرﺑـــ ـــﺪة ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻐـــﺎز واﻟﻐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ داﻓﺌـــﺔ وﻣﺤﺎ اﻟﻐـــــﺎز اﻟﻤﺘـــــﺄﻳﻦ ﺎﻟ ﺎﻣـــــﻞ ﻓـــــﻲ ا ﻷﻋﻠـــــﻰواﻟﺴـــــﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟـــــﻮد ﻓــــــﻲ اﻷﺳــــــﻔﻞ و ﻤـــــﺎ ﻫــــــﻮ اﻟــــــ ـ ﺤﺎل ﻣــــــﻊ ـــﺪ ﻣـــﻦ ﺻـــﻮر اﻟﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ـــﺐ و ﺗﺘﻨـــﺎﺛﺮاﻟﻤﺠــــﺮات ــﺪة ﻓـــﻲ اﻟــ اﻟ ﻌ ـ . ﺨﻠﻔ ﺔ ـــﻮن ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﻣـــﻦ ﺗﺘ ــــــــــﺔ ــــــــــﺄﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟ ﺿــــــــــﻮء 1.4 و 2.5 ﻣ ﻜــــــــــﺮوﻣ ) ــــــــﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق ﻣﻤﺜﻠــــــــﺔ ( 3.0 و 3.23 ﻣ ﻜـــــــــﺮوﻣ ) .( ﺳـﻤﺎوي ] NASA, ESA, CSA, Karl Misselt (University of Arizona), Alain Abergel (IAS, CNRS [( اﻟـﺘﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ أدق ﺻـﻮر اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺣﺘﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﺠـﺰ ﻟ ء ﻣـﻦ أﺣـﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﺗﻤ اً ﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺳﻤﺎﺋﻨﺎ وﻫﻮ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ رأس اﻟﺤﺼﺎن . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﻫـﺬه اﻷرﺻـﺎد اﻟﺠـﺰء اﻟﻌﻠـﻮي ﻣـﻦ " ﻋﺮف اﻟﺤﺼـﺎن " أو ﺣﺎﻓـﺔ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﻳﻘﻮﻧﻲ ﰲ ﺿﻮء ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎ ﺎً ﻣ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻌﻴﺸـﻪ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻣـﻊ دﻗـﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺻﻮر ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة ﺟـﺰءاً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ أورﻳـﻮ )ن اﻟﺠﺒـﺎر ﰲ ( اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ ﺗﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﺤﺎ ﺑﺔ أورﻳﻮن ﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﺗ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺑﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﻐﺎز ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ رأس اﻟﺤﺼﺎن ا ﻌﺮوف أﻳﻀ ﺎً ) ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﺎرﻧﺎرد 33 ( واﻟﺬي ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 1300 ﺳـﻨﺔ .ﺎً ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺤﺎﺑ ﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎرة ﻣﻦ ا ﻮاد ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻤ ﻴﺔ وﻳﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻷن اﻟﻐﻴـﻮم اﻟﻐﺎزﻳـﺔ ﺗ ﻀﺎء ﺑﻨﺠﻢ ﺣﺎر ﻗﺮﻳﺐ . 42