Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

I Origin of differences in giant binary stars revealed by NOIRLab − Josie Fenske t is estimated that up to 85% of stars exist in binary star systems, some even in systems with three or more stars. These stellar pairs are born together out of the same mo- lecular cloud from a shared abun- dance of chemical building blocks, so astronomers would expect to find that they have nearly identical com- positions and planetary systems. However, for many binaries that isn’t the case. While some proposed explanations attribute these dissim- ilarities to events occurring after the stars evolved, a team of astronomers have confirmed for the first time that they can actually originate from before the stars even began to form. JULY-AUGUST 2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 38 ﻛﺸﻒ أﺻﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎتﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ – ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠﻲ ﻈﺎم ﻧ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﻻدﺗﻬ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟـ ـ ـ ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ ﻏﺎﻟ ﺎً ﻣـﺎ ﻜﺘﺸـﻒﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓـﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻛ ﺐ اﻟﻜ ﻤ ﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋ ﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐ . ﻈﻬﺮأن أﺣﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻓﻲﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺴﺘﻀـ ﻒ ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ ﻮاﻛـﺐﺻـﺨﺮ ﺔ ﺻـﻐ ة ﺑ ﻨﻤـﺎ ﺴﺘﻀـ ﻒ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨ اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟ ﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺔ و ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪا م ﺟﻬﺎزﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻄ ﻒ " " ﻏﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ ﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب ﺳﺎوث، أﻛﺪ ﻓﺮﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻷول ﻣـﺮة ﺟ ﻤ أن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗ ﻮن ﺴ ﺐ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ـ وﻟﺪت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺪاﺋ ﺔ اﻟ . ﺗﺸ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮات إﱃ أن ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺼـﻞ إﱃ 85 % ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻣﻮﺟـﻮدة ﰲ أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ، وﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ أﻧﻈ ﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻧﺠـﻮم أو أﻛﺜـﺮ وﺗﻮﻟـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻷزواج اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ وﻓـﺮة ﻣﺸـ ﱰﻛﺔ ﻣـﻦ وﺣـﺪات اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺬا ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻮن أن ﻳﺠﺪوا أن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴ ﺒﺎت وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـ وﻣـ ﺎً ﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳـ ﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎت ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤـﺎل وﰲ ﺣـ أن ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺘﻔﺴـ ات ا ﻘﱰﺣـﺔ ﺗﻌـﺰو ﻫـﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت إﱃ اﻷ ﺣـﺪاث اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤـﺪث ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻓﻘﺪ أﻛـﺪ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻷول ﻣﺮة أن ﻫﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ . - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 4