Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

While the expansion history of the Universe may be more complex than previously imag- ined, confirmation of this must await the completion of the DESI project. By the end of its five-year survey DESI plans to map over 3 mil- lion quasars and 37 mil- lion galaxies. As more data are released, as- tronomers will further improve their results. “This project is address- ing some of the biggest questions in astronomy, like the nature of the mysterious dark energy that drives the expan- sion of the Universe,” says Chris Davis, NSF program director for NOIRLab. “The excep- tional and continuing results yielded by the NSF Mayall telescope with DOE DESI will undoubtedly drive cosmology research for many years to come.” “We are delighted to see cosmol- ogy results from DESI’s first year of operations,” said Gina Rameika, as- sociate director for High Energy Physics at the Department of En- ergy. “DESI continues to amaze us with its stellar performance and how it is shaping our understanding of dark energy in the Universe.” Data from DESI’s survey will work harmoniously with future sky sur- veys conducted by Vera C. Rubin and spectra via the Astro Data Lab and SPARCL at the Community Sci- ence and Data Center, a Program of NSF NOIRLab.     29 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ رﺳــــــــﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠــــــــﻲ ــــــــﻒ ﺗﺴــــــــﺘﺨﺪم أداة اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴــــــــﻞ اﻟﻄ ﻔــــــــﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤــــــــﺔ ﻳﻮﺿــــــــﺢ ﻛ ) DESI ( ــــــــﺪة ﻟﺮﺳــــــــﻢ ــــــــﻮازارات اﻟ ﻌ اﻟ ـــــﻮن ـــــﺔ واﺳـــــﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄـــــﺎق ﻟﻠ ﺧﺮﻄـــــﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻨ . ـــــﻮن ـــــﻮازارات ﻋـــــ اﻟ ﻋﻨـــــﺪﻣﺎ ﻨﺘﻘـــــﻞ ﺿـــــﻮء اﻟ ـــــﺘﻢ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻـــــ ﮫ ﺑﻮاﺳـــــﻄﺔ ﺳـــــﺤﺐ اﻟﻐـــــﺎز اﻟﻤﺠـــــــﺮات و ﻤﻜـــــــﻦ اﻛﺘﺸـــــــﺎفﻫـــــــﺬا اﻻﻣﺘﺼـــــــﺎصﻓـــــــﻲ اﻟﻀـــــــﻮء اﻟـــــــﺬ ﺑـــــــ ﺗ ﻤﻌـــــــﮫ ) أداة DESI ( ﻣﻤـــــــﺎ ﺴـــــــﻤﺢ ﻟﻌﻠﻤـــــــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـــــــﻚ ﺑﺮﺳـــــﻢ ﺧﺮﻄـــــﺔ ﻟـــــ ـ ﺠﻴﻮب اﻟﻤـــــﺎدة اﻟﻜﺜ ﻔـــــﺔ . ـــــﺐ ﺗـــــﻢ ﺗﺮﻛ ) اداة DESI ( ـــــﻮﻻس ﻋﻠـــــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب ﻧﻴ ﻳـــــﻮ ـــــﺎل ﻳ ﻠـــــﻎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻄـــــﺮﻩ 4 أﻣﺘــــــﺎر ﻓﻲﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻗﻤﺔ ﻛ ﺖ ا ﻟﻮﻃ وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﻤﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳ ﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ . ﻠﺨـــــﺺ ــــــﺪﻳﻮ أﺣــــــﺪث اﻟﻨﺘــــــﺎﺋﺞ ﻫـــــﺬا اﻟﻔ اﻟـــــ ــــــ ﺗــــــﻢ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻘﻬــــــﺎ ﺄداة اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـــــﻞ اﻟﻄ ﻔــــــﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤــــــﺔ ) DESI ( [DESI Collaboration/KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R.T. Sp rks/T. Slovinský/D. Kirkby/R. Proctor −Music: Produced by KonstantinoPolizois] - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 4 ﰲ ﺣ أن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴـﺪاً ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻣﺘﺼـﻮراً ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺎً إﻻ أن ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ذﻟـﻚ ﻳﺠـﺐ أن ﻳﻨﺘﻈـﺮ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل ﻣ ) ﴩوع ـ .(DESI ﺑﺤﻠـﻮل ﻧﻬ ﺎﻳـﺔ ا ﺴـﺢ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺴــﺘﻐﺮق ﺧﻤــﺲ ﺳــﻨﻮات ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣ ـﻦ 3 ﻣﻼﻳ ـ و ﻛ ـﻮازار 37 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﺠـﺮة وﻣـﻊ إﺻـﺪار ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺳـﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺤﺴـ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻛﱪ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻛﺮﻳﺲ دﻳﻔـﻴﺲ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ا ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻳﻌ : " ﺎﻟﺞ ﻫﺬا ا ﴩوع ﻣ ﺎً ﺑﻌﻀ ﻦ أﻛﱪ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺮك ﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﻜـﻮن ." " إن اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وا ﺴـﺘﻤﺮة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ( ﻣﺎﻳﺎل ) ﻣﻊ DESI ﺳﺘﻘﻮد ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ أﺑﺤﺎث ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺎت ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة أداة (DESI) ﺳﺘﻘﻮد ﺑـﻼ ﺷـﻚ أ ﺑﺤـﺎث ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺎت ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻗﺎدﻣﺔ . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻴﻨـﺎ راﻣﻴﻜﺎ ا ـﺪﻳﺮة ا ﺴـﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ " : ﻳﺴـﻌﺪﻧﺎ أن ﻧـﺮى ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣـﻦ أداة ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ) (DESI واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ إﺑﻬﺎرﻧﺎ ﺎ ﺑﺄداﺋﻬ ا ﺘﻤﻴـﺰ وﻛﻴـﻒ أﻧﻬـ ﺗ ﺎ ﺸـﻜﻞ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﺳـﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺑ ا ا ﺴـﺘﻤﺪة ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺢ أداة ) DESI ( ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻏﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴـﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ا ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ـﻲ أﺟﺮاﻫــﺎ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ) ﻓــ ا ﳼ روﺑــﻦ ( وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ) ﻧﺎﻧـﴘ ﻏﺮﻳﺲ روﻣﺎن ( اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻤﻞ ﻗﻮة ﻛﻞ أداة اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻷﺧﺮى . ﻳﻘﻮم أدا ﻣﴩوع ة اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) DESI ( ﺎً ﺣﺎﻟﻴ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ اﻟﱰﻗﻴﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠــﺔ ﻟــﻸداة واﻟﺘﺨﻄــﻴﻂ ﻟﺘﻮﺳــﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﻜ ـﻮﻧﻲ إﱃ ا ﺮﺣﻠ ـﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ـﺔ ) DESI-II ( ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ ا ﻮﴅ ﺑـﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻـﺎدر ﻋـﻦ ﻟﺠﻨـﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ أوﻟﻮﻳـﺎت ـﻣﺸ ﺮوع ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻷﻣ . ﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺣ أن ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻌﺎم اﻷول ﻣﻦ أداة اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ) DESI ( ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﺣـﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬـﻮر ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن وﻟﻜـﻦ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ إﺻﺪار اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﻛﻘﻮاﻋـﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻬـﺎرس واﻷﻃﻴﺎف ﻋﱪ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ و ﺳﺒﺎرﻛﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠـﻮم ا ﺠﺘﻤـﻊ واﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧ ﺎﻣﺞ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ . ﺧــــﺮاﺋﻂ