Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

activity less dependent on our single obser- vation point and to un- derstand how often a Sun-like star might re- lease a quantity of plasma potentially dev- astating to our tech- nologies, a Japanese team led by Soshi Okamoto (Kyoto Uni- versity, Department of Astronomy) combed through the Kepler space telescope database in 2021. This instrument observed over 90,000 G-type stars (the spectral class that includes the Sun) for four years, searching for planetary transits. A byproduct of this mission was the recording of spikes in stellar activity, including large flares. It was thus demon- strated that, in the period considered, 15 stars re- leased 26 flares that were up to 100 times more pow- erful than the Carrington Event. This frequency was confirmed by observations from the first year of activ- ity of the Transiting Exo- planet Survey Satellite (TESS), Kepler’s successor. Based on this data, the team of researchers be- lieves that a Sun-like star could produce a flare about 10 times more ener- getic than the Carrington Event every 3,000 years and a flare about 100 times more energetic ev- ery 6,000 years. If we choose to ignore the pos- sibility of a potentially civ- ilization-collapsing event such as these, we just have to trust in luck.     15 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻣــــــــــﺎ " ﺴـــــــــــﻤﻰ ﺑـــــــــــ اﻷﺿـــــــــــﻮاء اﻟﺸـــــــــﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ " ﻀـــــــــﻲء اﻟﺴـــــــــﻤﺎء ـ ﻓـــــﻮق اﻟـــــ ﺨﻠﻴـﺞ اﻟﺸـــــﻤﺎﻟﻲﻓـــــﻲ ﺳﺎن ﻓﺮاﻧﺴ ﺴ ﻮ ﻤﺎ ﻳُﺮىﻣﻦ ﺷــﺎﻃﺊ ﺗﺸــﺎ ﻨﺎ ﺎﻣــﺐ ﻤﺪ ﻨــﺔ ﺳﺎن راﻓﺎﺋﻴﻞ 11 ﻣﺎﻳﻮ 2024 . [Tayfun Coskun/Getty Image] ﻓ ﻘﺪ ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻘﻴﺎ دة ﺳﻮﳾ أوﻛـﺎﻣﻮﺗﻮ ﻌـﺔ ﺟﺎﻣ) ﻛﻴﻮﺗـﻮ ﻗﺴـﻢ ﻋﻠـ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ( ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻧﺸﺎط أﻗـﻞ اﻋﺘﻤـﺎد ا ﻋﲆ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ا ﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴـﺪة ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ وﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﺪد ا ﺮات اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼ زﻣـﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻣـﺪﻣﺮة ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺗﻨـﺎ ﺗﻤﺸﻴﻂ ﻋﱪ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻛﻴﺒﻠـﺮ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺎم ٢٠٢١ . ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ 45:10 ﻣﺴﺎءً ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺪ ﻨﺔ روﺗﺸﺴـ ﻓـﻲ ﻧﻴﻮﻳـﻮرك . ﺗـﺄﻟﻖ اﻟﺸـ ﻔﻖ ﻋـ أﺿـﻮاء اﻟﺸـﻮارع، وﻣﻮاﻗـﻒ اﻟﺴ ﺎرات اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة ﺎﻟﻀﻮء ـﺔ ﻓﻲﻣﺘﺎﺟﺮاﻟﺘﺠﺰ ـﺔ اﻟﻜـ ى اﻟﻘﺮ وﻣ ﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻤﺼـﺎدراﻷﺧـﺮىﻏـ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤـﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ .] Damian Allis [ ا ﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺎم 2021 ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎم اﻫـﺬ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺑﺮﺻﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 90 أﻟﻒ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع G ) اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﺸﻤﻞ ـ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ( ﺪة أرﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات ﺑﺤﺜًـﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﻋﺒـﻮر اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ . ﻛﺎن أﺣـﺪ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳـﺔ ﻟﻬـﺬه ا ﻬﻤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺴﺠﻴ زﻳﺎدة ﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻨﺠﻤـﻲ ــــــــ ﺑﻤ ﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠﺎ ت اﻟﻜﺒ ة وﻣﻦ ﺛـﻢ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﺑﺪأ اﻷﻣ ﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﱰة ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻃﻠﻖ 15 ﺎً ﻧﺠﻤ 26 ﺎً ﺗﻮﻫﺠ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻗﻮى ﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳﺼـﻞ إﱃ ـــــــ ن ﺣﺪث ﻛﺎرﻳﻨ . ﺘﻮنﻐ 100 ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻛﺎرﻳﻨ . ﺘﻮنﻐ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻜـﺮار ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﻴـﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺑﻤﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ أرﺻﺎد اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸـﺎط اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺴـﺢ ﻋﺒـﻮر اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ) TESS ( اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻛﻴﺒﻠـﺮ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻲ . ﺑﻨــﺎءً ﻋــﲆ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜ أن ﻧﺠﻤﺎً ﻬﺎً ﺷﺒﻴ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﻮﻫﺠـ ﺎً أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻧﺸـﺎﻃ ﺎً ﺑﺤـﻮاﱄ 10 ﻣـﺮات ﻣـﻦ ﺣـﺪث ﻛــﺎرﻳﻨﻐﺘﻮن ﻛــﻞ 3000 ﻋــﺎم ﺎً وﺗﻮﻫﺠ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻧﺸـﺎﻃًﺎ ﺑﺤـﻮاﱄ 100 ﺮة ﻛﻞ ﻣ 6000 . ﻋﺎم ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﺎ إذا اﺧﱰﻧـﺎ أن ﻧﺘﺠﺎﻫـﻞ إ ﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث ﻧﺸﺎط ﺷــﻤﴘ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي ﻟﺤﺪوث ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺣﺪث ﻛـﺎرﻳﻨﻐﺘﻮن او اﻛـﱪ ﻗـﺪ ﻳــﺆدي إﱃ اﻧﻬﻴــﺎر اﻟﺤﻀــﺎرة اﻟﺒﴩﻳﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ إﻻ أن ﻧﺜـﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺤﻆ . ﻓﻘﻂ - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 4