Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

The Weekly West − September 10, 1859: “Last night’s auroral spectacle was so brilliant after midnight that the ordinary press could be read by its light. It greatly hindered the working of the telegraph lines, and its effects continued until noon today. The auroral current from the east and west was so regular that operators on the eastern lines could send messages to this city [St. Joseph, Missouri] without the usual batteries being applied. The same extraordinary effect was evident on the telegraph wire between Phila- delphia and Pittsburgh.” The Illustrated London News − Sep- tember 24, 1859: “French telegraph communications in Paris were greatly affected, and on breaking the circuit of the conducting wire, strong sparks were observed. The same thing happened simultane- ously in all the telegraph stations of France.” Apart from the overload and some faults in the telegraph network, the crazy compasses, and the weak electric shocks felt by those who touched metal objects, the Carring- ton Event did not particularly upset the lives of humans. But what would happen if a geomagnetic storm of that magnitude hit Earth today? We live in a wholly different world. Our technology is advanced, complex, and ubiquitous. Where once tele- graph lines were the most effective 11 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ وﻳﻜﲇ وﻳﺴـﺖ - 10 ﺳـﺒﺘﻤﱪ 1859 " : ﻛـﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ا ﻟﺸﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ا ﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻃﻌ ﺎً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣـﻦ ا ﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل وأ ﺿﻮﺋﻪ ﻋﺎق ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ واﺳﺘﻤﺮت آﺛﺎره ﺣﺘﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﻴﻮم . ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر اﻟﺸـﻔﻘﻲ اﻟﻘـﺎدم ﻣـﻦ اﻟـ ﴩق ـ واﻟﻐﺮب ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤ اً ﺟﺪ ﺎً ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ا ﺸﻐﻠ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﴩﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣﻦ إرﺳﺎل رﺳـﺎﺋﻞ إﱃ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺪﻳﻨ ـﺔ ] ﺳـﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻮزﻳ ـﻒ ﺑﻮﻻﻳ ـﺔ ﻣﻴﺰوري [ ﺑ ﺪون اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت ا ﻌﺘﺎدة . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ واﺿﺤًﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ واﺿﺤ ﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺳﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف ﺑ ﻓﻴﻼدﻟﻔﻴﺎ وﺑﻴﺘﺴﱪغ . أﺧﺒﺎر ﻟﻨـﺪن ا ﺼـﻮرة - 24 ﺳـﺒﺘﻤﱪ 1958 : " ﺗ ـﺄﺛﺮت اﺗﺼـﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻠﻐــ ﺮاف اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴ ـﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ وﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﴪ داﺋـﺮة اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ ا ﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ ﴍارات ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﺣﺪث اﻟﴚء ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﰲ وﻗـﺖ واﺣـﺪ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴــﻊ ﻣﺤﻄـﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻠﻐﺮاف ﰲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ وﺑﴫف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺰاﺋ ﺪ وﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻄـﺎل ﰲ ﺷـﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻐـﺮاف واﻟﺒﻮﺻﻼت ا ﺠﻨﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺼﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴـﺔ اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻀـﻌﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺸـﻌﺮ ﺑﻬـﺎ أوﻟﺌــ ﻚ اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻠﻤﺴــﻮن اﻷﺷــﻴﺎء ا ﻌﺪﻧﻴــﺔ ﻓــﺈن ﺣــﺪث ﻛﺎرﻳﻨﻐﺘﻮن اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺰﻋﺞ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﺒ ـ ﻳﺔﴩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ . ﺧﺎص ﻟﻜـﻦ ﻣـﺎذا ﺳـﻴﺤﺪث إذا ﴐﺑـﺖ ﻋﺎﺻـﻔﺔ ﺎﻣﻐﻨ ﺟﻴﻮ ﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟ ﺤﺠﻢ اﻷرض اﻟﻴﻮم؟ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻌﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻋـﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣـﺎً ﺣﻴـﺚ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ا ﻮﺟﻮدة اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ وﻣﻌﻘﺪة وﻣﻨﺘﴩة ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن . ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف ﰲ اﻟﺴﺎ ﺑﻖ ﻫـﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺗﺼـﺎل ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻵن اﻹﻧﱰﻧـﺖ ﻳﺮﺑﻄﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺮ ﻋﱪ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼــﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟـــﻰﻣـــﻦ ﺟﺮ ــﺪة ـــﺎر ﻮر ﻛﻴـــﻮي ) ﺎروﻟ ﻨـــــﺎ اﻟـــــ ـ ( ﺠﻨﻮﺑ ﺔ ﺘـــــﺎر ﺦ 17 ﺳــــــ ﺘﻤ 1859 ــﻼغ ﻋـــﻦ ﻇــﻮاﻫﺮ ــﺚ ﺗــﻢ اﻹ ﺣ ﻧﺎﺗﺠــﺔ ﻋــﻦ ﺗـــﻮﻫﺞ ــﺔ اﻟﺸــﻬﺮ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻷﺑـ ﺾﻓــﻲ ﺪا وﻓــﻲﻫــﺬﻩ ـ ﻟــــــــــ ا ﺤﺎﻟﺔ أ ﻀــــــــــﺎً ﻳـــــــــــﺮ ﻂ اﻟﻨﻄــــــــــﺎق اﻻﺳـــــــــــﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄـ ) اﻟﺸـﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻮﻋـﺎ ( ﻣـﺎ ﺑﺤـﺪوث ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ ﻬﺮﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﻧﻮاع .