Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2024 ARABIC VERSION

suffered by telegraphers and to lines so charged with “auroral current” as to allow the transmission of messages without bat- tery power. In other cases, as witnessed by the American Tele- graph Company, the lines were so overloaded with power that com- munications were impossible for a few days. In several areas, it was nec- essary to repair material damage to telegraph infrastructure. Here is how the media of the time (essentially daily newspapers) re- ported on those events. The Boston News-Letter − Septem- ber 3, 1859: “Yesterday there was a great magnetic storm that affected all the telegraph lines in the country. The telegraph lines in Boston were all interrupted for several hours, and some of them were so badly injured that they will not be repaired for several days. The storm also affected the magnetic compasses on ships, and some vessels lost their way.” The London Times − September 5, 1859: “On the night of the 1 st to the 2nd of September [...] the magnetic compasses were so much affected that it was impossible to steer by them. The aurora borealis was seen in many places where it is rarely seen, and in some places it was so bright that it was possible to read by it.” The London Times − September 6, 1859: “Waves of light accumulated in rapid succession to the zenith, some with sufficient brilliance to cast a perceptible shadow on the ground.” The Moreton Bay Courier − Septem- ber 7, 1859: “As all our readers most probably saw the Aurora as well as ourselves, and as some of those who did see it testified to a similar ap- pearance in the Southern Islands, we shall take the evidence of Mr. Scott, of the Sydney Observatory, who, writing on the 29 th ult., last Monday week, to the Herald, says: ‘I have just been watching, with con- siderable interest, the first specimen that I have ever witnessed of the Southern Aurora. […] I was immedi- ately reminded that Mr. Cracknell had, this morning, called my atten- tion to some singular irregularities in the workings of the Electric Tele- graph. I had been unable to point out any peculiarity in the state of the atmosphere which could ac- count for such effects, but there can be little doubt that they were con- nected with the same magnetic dis- turbances as produced the Aurora.” ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 10 ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤ ﻔﺔ ﻣﻮر ﺘﻮن ﺎي ﻮر ﺑﺮﺴ) ( ﺎن ﺘﺎر ﺦ 07 ﺳ ﺘﻤ 1859 ﺗﻌﻠﻖ واﻟ ﻋﻠــــﻰ اﻟﺸـــــﻔﻖ اﻻﺳــــﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲواﻟﺘـــــﺄﺛ ات ا ـــــﺎر ﻨﻐﺘﻮن ــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺮ ﻄـــــﺔ ﺑﺤــــﺪث ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮ ﻓـــــﻲ ﻧﺼـــــﻒ وﺣــــ اﻷرض ـ اﻟـــ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ـــﺔ واﻟﺘ ﻤﻴـــﻞ اﻟﺰاﺋـــﺪ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻟـــﻢ ﻜـــﻦ ﻫﻨـــﺎك ﻧﻘـــﺺﻓـــﻲ اﻟﺸــــﻬﺎداتﺣـــﻮل اﻻﺿـــﻄﺮا ﺎت اﻟ ﻬﺮﺎﺋ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 4 ﺗﺸــ ﺷــﻬﺎدات أﺧــﺮى إﱃ اﻟﺼ ـﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف وإﱃ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ا ﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑـ " اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر اﻟﺸﻔﻘﻲ " ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻘـﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ دون ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒ . ﻄﺎرﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻت أﺧﺮى، وﰲ ﺣﺎﻻت أﺧﺮى ذﻛﺮت ﻤﺎ ﻛ ﴍﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺨﻄـﻮط ﻣﺜﻘﻠـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻻ ﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺒﻀﻌﺔ أﻳﺎم وﰲ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ اﻟـ ـ ﴬوري إﺻﻼح اﻷﴐار ا ﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺘﻲ ﻟﺤﻘـﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻐﺮا . ف إﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹ ﻋـﻼم ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ) اﻟﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﳼ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ( اﻷﺣﺪاث . رﺳ ـﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺳ ـﻄﻦ اﻹﺧﺒﺎرﻳ ـﺔ - 3 ﺳ ـﺒﺘﻤﱪ 1859 " : ﺑــﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ ﻫﻨــﺎك ﻋﺎﺻــﻔﺔ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﺒ ة أﺛﺮت ﻋ ﲆ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺧﻄـﻮط اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف ﰲ اﻟـﺒﻼد ﺣﻴـﺚ اﻧﻘﻄﻌـﺖ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ ﺧﻄ ﻮط اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف ﰲ ﺑﻮﺳﻄﻦ ﻟﻌـﺪة ﺳـﺎﻋﺎت وأﺻﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﴐار ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟ ﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﺪة أﻳﺎم . ﻛﻤﺎ أﺛﺮت اﻟﻌﺎﺻـﻔﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺒﻮﺻـﻼت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺴـﻔﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ . ﻟﻨﺪن ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ - 5 ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ 1859 " : ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻷول إﱃ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ [...] ﺗﺄﺛﺮت اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻼت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﺜـ اً ﻟﺪرﺟـﺔ أﻧـﻪ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ا ﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺑﻬﺎ وﻗـﺪ ﺷـﻮ ﻫﺪ اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺎدر اً ﻣـﺎ ﻳُﺮى ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـ ﺎً ﴩﻗ ـ اً ﺟﺪ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ا ﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﺑﻪ . ﻟﻨﺪن ﺗـﺎﻳﻤﺰ - 6 ﺳـﺒﺘﻤﱪ 1859 " : ﺗﺮاﻛﻤـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀـﻮء ﰲ ﺗﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﴎﻳـﻊ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻟﺬروة وﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺘﺄﻟﻖ ﻛﺎفٍ ﻹﻟﻘﺎء ﻇﻞ ﻣﻠﻤﻮس ﻋﲆ اﻷرض ". ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻮرﻳﺘﻮن ﺑﺎي ﻛﻮرﻳ - 7 ﺳـﺒﺘﻤﱪ 1859 » ﺑﻤﺎ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﺮاﺋﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻷرﺟﺢ رأوا اﻟﺸﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ رأﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ وﻛﻤـﺎ ﺷـﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ رأوه ﻋ ﲆ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺴـﻴﺪ ﺳﻜﻮت ، ﺳﻜﻮت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻳـﻮم اﻻﺛﻨ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ واﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع ا ﺎﴈ ﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻫ اﻟﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻼً :» ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ أﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﺑﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻛﺒ ﺟﺪاً ﻟﺘﻠـﻚ اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﻬﺪت ﻣﻦ أي وﻗﺖ ﻣ ـ ﴣﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ] .… [ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺬﻛ ي ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻮر ﺑﺄن اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮاﻛﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺼـﺒﺎح ﻟﻔـﺖ اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ إﱃ ﺑﻌ ا ﺸـﺎﻛﻞ ﺾ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤـﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ . ﻟﻢ أﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷـﺎرة إﱃ أي ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗ ﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ات ا ﺮﺻﻮدة وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺷـﻚ ﰲ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄـﺔ ﺑـﻨﻔﺲ ا ﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺴـﺒﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺣﺪوث اﺿﻮاء اﻟﺸﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ .