Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2023 ARABIC VERSION

47 mosaics released here, revealing vast cosmic landscapes. These detailed panoramas feature dark patches of dust, glowing clouds, newly-born stars and the distant background stars of the Milky Way. Since the same areas were ob- served repeatedly, the VISIONS data will also allow as- tronomers to study how young stars move. “With VI- SIONS we monitor these baby stars over several years, allowing us to measure their motion and learn how they leave their parent clouds,” ex- plains João Alves, an astronomer at the University of Vienna and Princi- pal Investigator of VISIONS. This is not an easy feat, as the apparent shift of these stars as seen from Earth is as small as the width of a human hair seen from 10 kilometres away. These measurements of stellar motions complement those ob- tained by the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission at visible wavelengths, where young stars are hidden by thick veils of dust. The VISIONS atlas will keep as- tronomers busy for years to come. “There is tremendous long-lasting value for the astronomical commu- nity here, which is why ESO steers      ﺗُﻈﻬﺮﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ L1688 ـﺔ اﻟـ ﻓـﻲ ﻮﻛ ـ ﺤﻮاء ـﺚ ﺣ ـﺪة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧـﺔ ﺗﻮﻟـﺪ ﻧﺠـﻮم ﺟﺪ ﻧﺮاﻫــﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ ــﺎراﻟــ ﻟﻠﻐـﺎزواﻟﻐ . ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ أرﺻــﺎد اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ ـ اﻟــ ﻤﺮاء ﻟ ــﺪة ﻬــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﻋــﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﺟﺪ ــﺎر ﻋــﺎدة ﻣــﺎ ﺗﺤﺠﺒﻬــﺎ ﺳــﺤﺐ اﻟﻐ ﻓــﻲﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺸــ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟــ . ﺗــﻢ إﻧﺘــﺎج اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧــﺎت ﺗــﻢ ﻤﻌﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ أداة اﻟـ ـﺎم اﻟﻤ ﻓ ﺘﺼــﻠﺔ ﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓ ﺴـﺘﺎ ﻓــﻲﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺎراﻧـﺎل اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟـــ ﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺗﺸـ ﻠﻲ . ﺗـﻢ إﺟـﺮاء اﻷرﺻـﺎد ﺠـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺢ " " ﻓﻴﺠـﻮﻧﺰ ﺳ ﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء واﻟـﺬ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻔﻬﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻜ ﻔ ﺔ ﺗﺸ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻐﻄﺎة ﺎﻟﻐ ﺎر . [ESO / Meingast et al.] ﺣﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﲆ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﻠﻴــﻮن ﺻــﻮرة ﺧ ـﻼل ﻓــﱰة ﺧﻤــﺲ . ﺳﻨﻮات ﺛﻢ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴ ـﺎء اﻟﻜﺒ ـ ة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﺻﺪارﻫﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻟ ﺘﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻇﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴــــﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﻴــــﺔ . ﺔ ﺷﺎﺳﻌ ﺗﺘﻤﻴـﺰ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼــﻮر اﻟﺒﺎﻧﻮراﻣﻴــﺔ ا ﻔ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺒﻘـﻊ داﻛﻨـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒ ـﺎر واﻟﻐﻴ ـﻮم ا ﺘﻮﻫﺞ ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة وﻧﺠـﻮم اﻟ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ، وﺑﻤـﺎ أن ﻧﻔﺲ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ رُﺻﺪت ﻣﺮارًا وﺗﻜﺮارًا ﻓﺈن ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت " ﻓﻴﺠﻮﻧﺰ " ﻣﺴﺢ ﺳﺘﺴـﻤﺢ أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺤـﺮك اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻴﺎﻓﻌـﺔ . ــــــــ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺟﻮاو أﻟﻔﻴﺲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻴﻨﺎ واﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـ : " ﻲـ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام " ﻣﺴـﺢ ﻓﻴﺠـﻮﻧﺰ " ﻧﺮاﻗـﺐ ﻫـﺬه اﻟ ﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى ﻋ ﺪة ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺎس ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ وﻣﻌ ﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻬـﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﻴﻮم اﻷﺻﻠﻴ ﻫﺬا ﺔ و ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﻌﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻐاﻟﺘ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ي ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳُﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﺻﻐ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺮض ﺷﻌﺮة اﻹﻧﺴـﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺸــﺮة ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰات . ﺗﻜﻤـﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺣﺼـﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑﻌﺜـﺔ "ﻏﺎﻳﺎ " اﻷوروﺑ ﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ ا ﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺠﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ ــــــ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻴﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﺧﻠـﻒ ﻏﺒـﺎر . ﻛﺜﻴ ـﻒ ان أﻃﻠــﺲ " ﻓﻴﺠ ـﻮﻧﺰ " ﺳ ـﻴﺒﻘﻲ اﻟ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻗﺎدﻣـﺔ . ﺗﻘـﻮل ﻣﻮﻧﻴﻜـﺎ ﺑﻴــﱰ ﺟـﻮﺗﺰﻧﺲ ﻋﺎ ـﺔ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﰲ وا ﺆﻟﻔﺔ ا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ " : ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ان ﻣﺴﺢ ﻓﻴﺠﻮﻧﺰ ﺳﻴﻀﻊ اﻷﺳﺎس ﻟ ﻠﺮﺻﺪ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﲇ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻗﻴﺪ اﻹﻧﺸـﺎء . ﻳﺨﺘـﺘﻢ " ﻣﻴﻨ " ﺠﺎﺳـﺖ ﺑﻘﻮﻟــﻪ : " ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﻜﺒ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﻟﻴًﺎ . ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 3 47