Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2023 ARABIC VERSION

A planet orbits a Sun-like star that is nearing the end of its life. As the star expands, it begins to interact with an orbiting planet. bon, and hydrogen fusion migrates to the star’s outer layers, causing them to expand, and changing the Sun-like star into a red giant. Such a transformation, however, is bad news for any inner-system plan- ets. When the star’s surface eventu- ally expands to engulf one of its planets, their interaction would trig- ger a spectacular outburst of energy and material. This process would also put the brakes on the planet’s orbital velocity, causing it to plunge into the star. The first hints of this event were un- covered by optical images from the Zwicky Transient Facility. Archival in- frared coverage from NASA’s Near- Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Sur- vey Explorer (NEOWISE), which is able to peer into dusty environ- ments in search of outbursts and other transient events, then con- firmed the engulfment event, named ZTF SLRN-2020. “Our team’s custom reanalysis of all-sky infrared maps from NEOWISE exemplifies the vast discovery potential of archival sur- vey data sets,” said NOIRLab as- tronomer Aaron Meisner, another co- author on the paper. Distinguishing a planetary-engulf- ment outburst from other types of outbursts, such as solar-flare-type events and coronal-mass ejections, is difficult and requires high-resolu- tion observations to pinpoint the lo- cation of an outburst and long-term measurements of its brightness without contamination from nearby stars. Gemini South provided these essential data thanks to its adaptive- optics capabilities. “Gemini South continues to expand our understanding of the Universe and these new observations support predictions for the future of our own planet,” said NSF Gemini Ob- servatory program director Martin Still. “This discovery is a wonderful example of the feats we can accom- plish when we combine world-class telescope operations and cutting- edge scientific collaboration.” اﻟﻬﻴﻠﻴــﻮم ﰲ اﻟﻜﺮﺑــﻮن وﻳﻬــﺎﺟﺮ اﻧــﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ إﱃ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠـﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻤﺪدﻫﺎ وﺗﻐﻴ اﻟﻨ ﺠﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ إﱃ ﻋﻤﻼق أﺣﻤﺮ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﻮل ﻳﻌﺪ ﺧـﱪًا ﺳـﻴﺌًﺎ ﻷي ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﰲ اﻟ ﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺪاﺧﲇ . ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺪد ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻴﺒﺘﻠﻊ أﺣﺪ ﻛﻮاﻛﺒـﻪ ﻓـﺈن ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬﻤـﺎ ﺳﻴﺆد ي إﱃ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻣـﺬﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗـﺔ وا ـ . ﺎدة ﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻋ ﲆ ﻛﺒﺢ اﻟﴪﻋﺔ ا ﺪارﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ ﻏﺮﻗـﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ . ﺗﻢ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺷـﺎرات اﻷوﱃ ﻟﻬـﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ زوﻳﻜـﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ . ان اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻷرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء واﺳﻊ ا ﺠﺎل ﻟﻸﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض ) ﻧﻴﻮواﻳﺰ ( اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ، اﻟﻘﺎدر ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﻐﺒﺎرﻳﺔ ﺑﺤﺜًـﺎ ﻋـﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات واﻷﺣﺪاث ا ﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة اﻷﺧﺮى ﺛﻢ أﻛﺪ ﺣﺪث اﻻﺑـﺘﻼع ا ﺴـﻤﻰ ZTF SLRN-2 20 . ﻗﺎل ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ آرون ﻣﺎﻳﺴـﻨﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ وا ﺮﻻب ﻧﻮﻳ ﺆﻟـﻒ ﻣﺸـﺎرك آﺧـﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻮرﻗـﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴـﺔ " : ﺗﺠﺴـﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ إﻋـﺎدة اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ا ﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﻨﺎ ﻟﺨـﺮاﺋﻂ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء ﻟﻜ ـﻞ اﻟﺴ ـﻤﺎء ﻣ ـﻦ ا ﺴﺘﻜﺸ ـﻒ ) ﻧﻴــﻮواﻳﺰ ( إﻣﻜﺎﻧــﺎت اﻻﻛﺘﺸــﺎف اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠــﺔ ﺠﻤﻮﻋــﺎت ﺑﻴﺎﻧــﺎت ا ﺴــﺢ اﻷرﺷــﻴﻔﻴﺔ ." ﻳﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﺑﺘﻠـﻊ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ واﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات ﻣﺜﻞ أﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘــﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﺸــ ﻤﴘـ واﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛــﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﻠﻴــﺔ اﻹﻛﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ وﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ أرﺻﺎد ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎر وﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ ا ـﺪى ﻟﺴﻄﻮﻋﻪ دون اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻗﺪم . ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎوث ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻧﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻗﺪرات اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ . ﻗﺎل ﻣﺎرﺗﻦ ﺳـﺘﻴﻞ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ " ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺎن ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻨـﻲ ﺳـﺎوث ﻳﺴــﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳــﻴﻊ ﻓﻬﻤﻨــﺎ ﻟﻠﻜــﻮن ﻫــﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺎل راﺋﻊ ﻋﲆ اﻹ ﻧﺠﺎزات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟ ﺠﻤـﻊ ﺑـ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ذات ا ﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌـﺎ ﻲ واﻟﺘﻌـﺎون اﻟﻌ ﻠﻤﻲ ا ﺘﻄﻮر ". ُﻈﻬـــﺮﻫـــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿـــﻴﺤﻲ ﻧ ﻤًــــﺎ ﺷـــﺒﻴﻬًﺎ ﺎﻟﺸــــﻤﺲ ﺘﺤـــﻮل إﻟــــﻰ ﻋﻤـــﻼق أ ﻤـــﺮوﻳ ًـــﺎ ﻋﻤﻼﻗًـــﺎ ﺘﻠـــﻊ ﻮﻛ . ﻷول ﻣـــﺮة رﺻـــﺪ ﻋﻠﻤـــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـــﻚ ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ـﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠ . ] International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld [ ﺘ ﻋﻨــــــــــﺪﻣﺎ ــــــــــﺪأ ﻓــــــــــﻲ ﻮﺳــــــــــﻊ اﻟــــــــــﻨ ﻢ ﻳ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻮﻛﺐ ﺪورﺣﻮﻟﮫ . ـــــــــــــــﻢﺷـــــــــــــــﺒ ﮫ ـــــــــــــــﺪورﺣـــــــــــــــﻮل ﻧ ﻮﻛــــــــــــــﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎ ﺔ ﺣ ﺎﺗﮫ ﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻘ . ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 3