Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2023 ARABIC VERSION

making it the first array of its kind in the southern hemisphere. “Despite the modest 65-centimetre primary mirror, we go as deep as some proj- ects with much bigger mirrors, be- cause we take full advantage of the excellent observing conditions at La Silla,” says Groot. Once BlackGEM precisely identifies a source of grav- itational waves, larger telescopes such as ESO’s Very Large Telescope or the future ESO Ex- tremely Large Tele- scope can carry out detailed follow-up observations, which will help to shed light on some of the most extreme events in the cosmos. ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ اﻵن ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻧﻈـ ﻣﺮﺋـﻲ واﺣـﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺼﺪر ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ . ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎت اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗ ﻘـﺪﻣًﺎ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻟﻴﻐـﻮ ) ) أو ( ﻻ ( ﻓ ﻏـﻮ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣ ﺼﺎدرﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ ؛ ﰲ أﺣﺴـﻦ اﻷﺣﻮال ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬ ﺎ ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ا ﺼﺪر وﺻﻮﻻً إﱃ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻘـ ﺎرب 400 ﻗﻤـﺮاً ﻣﻜـﺘﻤﻼً ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﺳـﺘﻘﻮم ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ " ﺑـﻼك ﺟـﻴﻢ " ﺑﻤﺴﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻜﺒـ ة ﺑﻜﻔـﺎءة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﻮﺟـﺎت اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴ ـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﻤﺮار ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ . ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎ ء اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛـﺔ ا ﻜﻮﻧﺔ " ﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﻼك ﺟﻴﻢ " ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺗﺤﺎد : ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ رادﺑﻮد ، وﻣﺪرﺳﺔ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ، و ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻟﻮﻓـﺎن ﰲ ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ . ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت 65 ﺳﻢ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎء ﰲ وﻗﺖ واﺣـﺪ ؛ ﻳﻬـﺪف اﻟﺘﻌـﺎون ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ إﱃ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ا ﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ إﱃ 15 ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑًﺎ وﺗﺤﺴ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ا ﺴﺢ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻛﱪ . ﻣﻨﻈـــــﺮ ﻣــــــﻦ ﻃـــــﺎﺋﺮة درون ﺗــــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃـــــﮫ ﻓــــــﻲ ﻣﺮﺻــــﺪ ﺎ ﻻﺳــــ ﻼ ﻟﻤﺮﺻــــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــــﻲ اﻟـــــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﻈﻬـــــــــﺮ ـــــــــﺎب اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣـــــــــﺔ ﻟﻘﻄـــــــــﺔ ﻣﻘﺮّـــــــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻘ ﻟﻤﺼـــــــــــــﻔﻮﻓﺔ " ـــــــــــــﻼك ﺟــــــــــــــ "ﻢ ــــــــــــــﺔ ﻤﻜـــــــــــــﻦ رؤ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮ ﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻟﻐﺔ ٦٥ . ﺳﻢ ﺎﻟﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ أول ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻧ ﻮﻋﻬـﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ . ﻳﻘـﻮل : " ﺟﺮوت ﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣــﻦ ا ــﺮآة اﻷوﻟﻴــﺔ ا ﺘﻮاﺿﻌﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ 65 ﺳﻢ ، ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻌﻤ ـﻖ ﻣﺜ ـﻞ ﺑﻌ ـﺾ ا ﺸـﺎرﻳﻊ ذات ا ﺮاﻳ ـﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ، ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎدة ﻛﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻇﺮوف ا ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ا ﻤﺘﺎزة ﰲ ". ﺳــﻴﻼ ﻻ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺑﻤﺠـــﺮد أن ﺗﺤـــﺪد ﻳـﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ " ﺑـﻼك ﺟـﻴﻢ ﰲ " ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻻﺳـﻴﻼ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ ـــــــــــ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪًا أو اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ ـﺔ ا ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﲇ إﺟـﺮاء أرﺻـﺎد ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ـﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 3 ﺗُﻈﻬــــــﺮﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــــــﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب " ـﻼك ﺟـ ﻢ " ـــــــــﺔ ـــــــــﺖداﺧـــــــــﻞ اﻟﻘ ﻣﺜ . ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ـﻼك " " ﺟـــ ﻢ ﺗﺘـــﺄﻟﻒﻣـــﻦ اﻟـــ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮ ﺎت ﻘﻄﺮ ٦٥ ﻓــــــــﻲ ﺳــــــــﻢ ﻣﺮﺻــــــــﺪ ﻻﺳ ﻼ . [ESO]