Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2022 ARABIC VERSION

of its orbit, Martian northern win- ters tend to not be as brutally long and cold as those in the south, which is hopefully good news for Ginny’s future. The lows expected to be ex- perienced by Ingenuity are still a considerable drain not only on its battery. Because the energy drain from the onboard heaters used to keep electronics at a not-too-low temperature is too great for the bat- tery to accommodate overnight, the lifetime of its electronics now risk a , powered Perseverance host com- T an ancient delta in Mars’ Jezero his image shows the remains of Crater, which NASA's Perseverance Mars rover will explore for signs of fossilized microbial life. The image was taken by the High Resolution Stereo Camera aboard the ESA (Eu- ropean Space Agency) Mars Express orbiter. [ESA/DLR/FU-Berlin] ــــﺎ دﻟﺘــــﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻤــــﺔ ﻓــــﻲ ﺗُﻈﻬــــﺮﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة ﻘﺎ ﺳــــــــﻮف ﻓﻮﻫـــــــﺔﺟــــــــ رو ﻓــــــــﻲاﻟﻤــــــــﺮ ﺦ واﻟــــــــ ﺴﺘﻜﺸــــﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺠــــﻮل ﺑﺮﺳــــﻔ اﻧﺲﺑﺤﺜًـــﺎ ﻋــــﻦ ﻋﻼﻣـــــ ـــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺠـــــﺮة ــــﺎة اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮوﺑ ﺎت ﻋﻠـــــﻰا ــﺔ اﻟﻤﺪار ــﺔ اﻟﺘُﻘِﻄــﺖ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﻣـــــــﺎرساﻛﺴـــــــ ﺲاﻟﺘﺎ ﻌـــــــﺔ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟـــــــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـــــــﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ . [ESA/DLR/FU-Berlin] إن ﻓﺼــــﻞ اﻟﺸــــﺘﺎء اﻟﻨﺼــــﻒ اﻟﺸــــﻤﺎﱄ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﳌﺮﻳﺦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻃـﻮﻳﻼًً وﺑـﺎردً ا ﺑﻘﺴـﻮة ﻣﺜــﻞ ﻣــﺎ ﻳﺤــﺪث ﻧﺼــﻔﻪ اﳉﻨــﻮﰊ واﻟــﱵ ﻧﺄﻣﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮ ن ﺑﴩى ﺳﺎرة ﳌﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ ا ﳌﺮوﺣﻴـﺔ اﻧﺠﻮ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻨ ﱵﻳ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال اﳌﺴـﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻳُﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻧﺠﻮﻧﻴﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ اﺳ ﲋ اﻓًﺎ ﻛﺒﲑًا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻈـﺮًا ﻷن اﺳـ ﲋاف اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺨﺎﻧﺎت اﳌﻮﺟـﻮدة ﻟﻠﺤﻔـﺎظ ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻟﻜﱰوﻧﻴﺎت درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ ﺟــﺪًا أﻛــﱪ ﻣــﻦ أن ﺗﺴــﺘﻮﻋﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳــﺔ ﻃــﻮال اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ، ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﻓـﺈن ﻋـ إﻟﻜﱰوﻧﻴﺎﺗﻬـﺎ أﺻـﺒﺢ ﺧﻄـﺮ اﻵن و ﻫـﺬا ﻗـﺪ ﻳـﺆدي ﺿـﻤﻦ ﻋـﺪة أﺳـﺒﺎب ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻞ اﳌﺮوﺣﻴـﺔ ﺑﺤﻠـﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺘﺎء ـ، إن دورة اﻟﺸـﺤﻦ و اﻟﺘﴫـﻳﻒ ﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳـﺔ اﳌﺮوﺣﻴـﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﻴًﺎ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟـﱵ ﺗﻐﻄـﻲ اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ وﻻ ﺗـﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻋـﲆ اﻷﺟﻬـﺰة اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﲆ ﻣﱳ اﳌﺮوﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﻞ ﺗـﺆﺛﺮ أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﱪاﱅ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدة ﻣﺰاﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘ ار وﻟـﻦ ﻳـﺘﻢ ذﻟـﻚ ﺑـﺪون ﻣﺼـﺪر اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳـﺔ ﻣــﺎ ﻳﻌــﲏ أن ﻛــﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺔ إﻋــﺎدة ﺗﺸــﻐﻴﻞ ﳉﻬــﺎز ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﳌﺮوﺣﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻏﲑ ﻣﱱ اﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴـﻮﺗﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠـﻮل ﺑﺮﺳـﻔﲑاﻧﺲ ﺸـﻜﻞ ﺳﳑـﺎ ﻋﻘﺒـــﺔ ﺗﺸـــﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳏﺘﻤﻠـــﺔ ﻋـــﲆ اﳌـــﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳـــﻞ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ – أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2022 ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ – أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2022