Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2022 ARABIC VERSION
However, in recent times, some terms of the Drake equation have begun to prove insufficient to cor- rectly represent the weight that the biological and technological contri- butions may have on the discovery of extraterrestrial life. A careful exami- nation of the subject was published last March in The Astrophysical Jour- nal Letters , signed by six of the most famous researchers working in this field: Jason Wright, Jacob Haqq- Misra, Adam Frank, Ravi Kopparapu, Manasvi Lingam and Sofia Sheikh. The authors questioned the aspects of the equation related to the recog- nition of the effects of any technolo- gies used by possible extraterres- trial intelligences. These effects are generically referred to as technosig- natures. In the original formulation, the Drake equation implies that within our galaxy technosignatures must necessarily be less relevant than biosignatures, those that indicate the presence of non-technological life. This is evident by considering that f c is a fraction of f i . According to Wright and colleagues, the opposite may be true, although an objective and quantitative comparison be- tween the relative abundances of yet undiscovered technosignatures and biosignatures is not possible. The main reason why the Drake equation tends to underestimate the weight of technosignatures is because in the early 1960s there was a widespread belief that if there were alien civilizations, we would only discover them by picking up their radio signals, a single type of technosignature. Today we are aware that technosignatures can come in many forms and that the technologies that produce them can T in graphic and photographic he Drake equation represented form, to make all the terms in- cluded in it more intuitive. I Frank Drake proposed his equation to assist in searching for alien life as a way n 1961, at the first meeting on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), to stimulate scientific discussion. In this picture, Drake poses in front of the Na- tional Radio Astronomy Observatory Green Bank. [NRAO] وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ اﻵوﻧﺔ اﻷﺧﲑة ﺑﺪأت ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ درﻳﻚ ﺗﺜ ﺖ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬي ﻳﻔﱰض ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻛﺘ ﺸﺎف اﳊﻴﺎة ﺧﺎرج ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻷرض ﺑﺸﻜﻞ . ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﰎ ﻧﴩ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻣــﺎرس اﳌــﺎﴈ ﳎﻠــﺔ رﺳــﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﲒﻳــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴــﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻌــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﻗﺒــﻞ ﺳــﺘﺔ ﻣــﻦ أﺷـــﻬﺮ اﻟﺒــﺎﺣﺜﲔ اﻟﻌــﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻫــﺬا اﳌﺠــﺎل : ﺟﻴﺴــﻮن رأﻳــــﺖ ، ﺟــــﺎﻛﻮب ﺣــــﻖ ﻣﻴﴪــــا ، آدم ﻓﺮاﻧــــﻚ ـــــــــــــــــ راﰲ ﻛﻮﺑـــﺎراﺑﻮ ، ﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﺳـــﻔﻲ ﻟﻴﻨﺠـــﺎم وﺻـــﻮﻓﻴﺎ ﺷـــﻴﺦ ﺷـــﻜﻚ اﳌﺆﻟﻔـــﻮن ﺟﻮاﻧـــﺐ اﳌﻌﺎدﻟـــﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺑــﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋــﲆ ﺗـــﺄﺛﲑات أي ﺗﻘﻨﻴـــﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻛﺎء ﺧـﺎرج اﻷرض ﻳﺸـﺎر إﱃ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑات ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋـﺎم ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴــﺔ . اﻟﺼــﻴﻐﺔ اﻷﺻــﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺸــﲑ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟــﺔ درﻳـــﻚ إﱃ أن اﻟﺒﺼـــﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺔ داﺧـــﻞ ﳎﺮﺗﻨــﺎ ﻳ ﺠــﺐ أن ﺗﻜــﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﴬـو رة أﻗـﻞ أﻫﻤﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺒﺼــﻤﺎت اﳊﻴﻮﻳــﺔ ﺗﻠــﻚ اﻟــﱵ ﺗ ﺸـــﲑ إﱃ وﺟﻮد ﺣﻴـﺎة ﻏـﲑ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـ ﺔ، ﻳﺘﻀـﺢ ﻫـﺬا ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻋﺘﺒﺎر أن )fc( ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐﲑ ﻣـﻦ ) (fi . وﻓﻘًـﺎ أﻟﺮ ﻳــﺖ وزﻣﻼﺋــﻪ ﻗــﺪ ﻳﻜــﻮن اﻟﻌﻜــﺲﺻــﺤﻴﺤًﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ اﳌﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻮﺿــــﻮﻋﻴﺔ وﻛﻤﻴــــﺔ ﺑــــﲔ اﻟــــﻮﻓﺮة اﻟﻨ ﺴــــ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺼــﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴــﺔ واﻟﺒﺼــﻤﺎ ت اﳊﻴﻮﻳــﺔ ﻏــﲑ اﳌﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﺣﱴ اﻵن إن. اﻟﺴ ﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘـ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺠﻌــﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟــﺔ درﻳــﻚ ﲤﻴــﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴــﻞ ﻣــﻦ أﻫﻤﻴــﺔ اﻟﺒﺼــﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴــﺔ ﻫــﻮ أﻧــﻪ أواﺋــﻞ اﻟﺴـ ﻴ ﻴﺎت ﻛـﺎن ﻫﻨـﺎك اﻋﺘﻘـﺎد ﺷـﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺄﻧـﻪ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـــﺖ ﻫﻨـــﺎك ﺣﻀـــﺎرات ﻓﻀـــﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻨـــﺎ ﻟـــﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﺸﻔﻬﺎ إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟ ﺘﻘﺎ ط إﺷﺎرات اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮ اﳋﺎﺻــﺔ ﺑﻬــﺎ وﻫــﻮ ﻧــﻮع واﺣــﺪ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺒﺼــﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ . ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺪرك اﻟﻴﻮم أن اﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﳝﻜــﻦ أن ﺗــﺄﰐ ﺑﺄﺷــﻜﺎل ﻋﺪﻳــﺪة وأن اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴــﺎت اﻟـــﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﺠﻬـــﺎ ﳝﻜـــﻦ أن ﺗﻜـــﻮن ﻛـــﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺰدﻫـــﺮ ــــــــــــــ ﻋـﺎم ١٩٦١ ــﺎء ﺧــﺎ ، ﻓــﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤــﺎع اﻷولﺣــﻮل اﻟﺒﺤــﺚﻋــﻦ ذ رج ﻮﻛــﺐ اﻷرض (SETI) ، اﻗــ حﻓﺮاﻧــﻚ ـﺎة اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻛﻄﺮ ﻘـﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻔــ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎشاﻟﻌﻠﻤــﻲ در ــﻚﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘـﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻋﺪة ﻓــﻲاﻟﺒﺤــﺚﻋــﻦ ا . ﻓـﻲ ﺟﺮ ﻦ ﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ، ﻘﻒدر ﻚأﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲاﻟﺮادﻳﻮياﻟﻮﻃ . [NRAO] ﻣﻌﺎدﻟـــــﺔ در ـــــﻚﻣﻤﺜﻠـــــﺔ ﻓـــــﻲﺷـــــ ﻞ رﺳـــــﻮﻣﻲ وﻓﻮﺗــــــﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ، ﻌــــــﻞ ﻤﻴــــــﻊ اﻟﻤﺼــــــﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻛ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ . ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ – أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2022 ٣٦
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