Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2022 ARABIC VERSION

starlight as measured because the light from the foreground and back- ground stars would momentarily be blended together. But no color change was seen in the black hole event. Next, Hubble was used to measure the amount of deflection of the background star’s image by the black hole. Hubble is capable of the extraordinary precision needed for such measurements. The star’s image was offset from where it normally would be by about a milliarcsecond. That’s equivalent to measuring the height of an adult human lying on the surface of the moon from the Earth. ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟـﻚ ، اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﰄ ﻟﻘﻴـﺎس ﻣﻘـﺪار اﻧﺤـﺮاف ﺻـﻮرة ﻧﺠـﻢ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـــﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد ﳝــﺮ أﻣﺎﻣــﻪ ، ﻳﺘﻤﺘــﻊ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗـﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻼز ﻣـﺔ ﳌﺜـﻞ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳــﺎت . ﺻــﻮرة اﻟــﻨﺠ ﻢ ﰎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀــﻬﺎ ـــــــ ﺣﻴــﺚ ﻳﻜــﻮن ﻋــﺎدةً ﺑﺤــﻮاﱄ ﻣﻠــﲇ ﺛﺎﻧﻴــﺔ وﻫــﺬا ﻳﻌـﺎدل ﻗﻴـﺎس ارﺗﻔــﺎع إﻧﺴــﺎن ﺑــﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺮﻗــﺪ ﻋــﲆ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻘ ﻣﻦ اﻷ . رض ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘــﺔ ﻫـﺬه ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎت اﳌﻬﻤـﺔ واﻟـﻮﻓﲑة ﻋـﻦ ﻛﺘ ﻠــــﺔ اﻟﺜﻘــــﺐ اﻷﺳــــﻮد وﻣﺴــــﺎﻓﺘﻪ وﴎﻋﺘــــﻪ ................................. وﻗــــﺪ ﺳــــﻤﺢ ﻣﻘــــﺪار اﻻﻧﻜﻤــــﺎش اﻟــــﺬي ﰎ ﺗﺴــﺠﻴﻠﻪ و اﻟ ﻨـــﺎﺗﺞ ﻋــﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﻨـــﺎء اﻟﺸـــﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎء ﺑﺴ ﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ا ﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ) ( ﺳـــﺎﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـــﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴـــﺎم ﺑﺘ ﻘـــﺪﻳﺮ وزﻧـــﻪ ووﺟﺪوا اﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﻮاﱄ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻛﺘﻞ ﺷﻤﺴـﻴﺔ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮمﻓـﻲﺻــﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑــﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲﻓـﻲ اﺗﺠــﺎﻩﻣﺮﻛـﺰاﻟﻤﺠـﺮة اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺌــﺔ . ــﺔ اﻟﻀــﻮء اﻟﺼـﺎد ﺗـﺘﻢﻣﺮاﻗ ــﺎن أيﺗﻐﻴــ رﻋــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓــﺔ ﻣـﺎ إذا ﻓـﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي ﻧﺎﺗﺠًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻧ ﺠ ﺮافﺟﺴﻢ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ . إن اﻟﺘﻮاء اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻣﻦﺷﺄﻧﮫ أن ﻀﻲء ﻣﻈﻬﺮ اﻟ ﻨ ﻢ ﺧﻠﻔﮫ ﻣﺆﻗﺘًﺎ ، وﻫﻮ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ا ﺎذﺑ ﺔ . ﺘﻢﻋﺮضأﺣﺪﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺣﺪاثﻓﻲأر ﻌﺔ إﻃﺎراتﻋﻦ ﻗﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ . ﺸ ـﻢﺳـﻄﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻈـﺎت اﻟﺴﻬﻢ إﻟﻰﻧ ﻤـﺎ رﺻـﺪﻩ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑـﻞﻷول ﻣـﺮة ﻓـﻲ أﻏﺴـﻄﺲ ٢٠١١ ، ﻟﻘــﺪ ـﺎن اﻟﺴـ ﺐﻓــﻲذﻟـﻚﻫـﻮ اﻧﺠـﺮافﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد أﻣــﺎم اﻟـﻨ ﻢﻋﻠـﻰﻃــﻮلﺧـﻂرؤ ﺘﻨـﺎ ، ﺳــﻄﻊ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ ﺛـﻢ ﺗﻼﺷـﻰ ﻌـﺪ ذﻟـﻚﻋﺎﺋــﺪًا إﻟـﻰﺳــﻄﻮﻋﮫ اﻟﻄﺒ ﻌﻲﻣﻊﻣﺮوراﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد . ﻧﻈﺮًا ﻷن اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻻ ﺼﺪرأو ﻌﻜﺲاﻟ ﻀﻮء ، ﻓﻼ ﻤﻜﻦ رﺻﺪﻩ ، ﺸ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎﺷﺮ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻤﻜﻦ ﻗ ﺎس ﺼﻤﺘﮫ اﻟﻔﺮ ﺪة ﻋﻠـﻰﻧﺴـﻴـﺞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺎ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺄﺣﺪاث ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ا ﺎذﺑ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻗ ﻘﺔ . ﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢﻣﻦ أن ﻣﺎ ﻘﺪر ﻨﺤﻮ ١٠٠ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮدة ﺗﺠﻮبﻣﺠﺮ ﻨﺎ ، ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﺜـﻮرﻋﻠـﻰ ﺼﻤﺔﻣﻨﺒﻬﺔ ﻷﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺤﺚﻋﻦ إﺑﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺶﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ . [NASA, ESA, K. Sahu (STScI), J. DePasquale (STScI)] ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ – أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2022 ٢٨