Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2021

5 ASTRO PUBLISHING F r o n t i e r s (from which New Horizons, Juno, and OSIRIS- Rex are recent ex- amples) and Large Strategic Science Mis- sions (formerly known as “Flagship Missions,” among which Voyager, Cassini, and Hubble are just a few). As such, these missions are more focused on specific objectives with a reduced set of specialized equipment, making them, in the often-cited words of past administrator Daniel S. Goldin, "faster, better, cheaper" to develop and implement. For DAVINCI+ and VERITAS, each will have a budget of about $500 million USD to complete their objectives. The VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy) orbiter will pro- duce very accurate topographical maps of nearly the entire surface using its VISAR (Venus Interferomet- ric Synthetic Aperture Radar) instru- N ASA will send two new missions to Venus to learn more about how the planet's hellish at- mosphere turned so hostile over its history. [NASA] JULY-AUGUST 2021