Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

9 While all total solar eclipses range from impressive to life-changing, the timing of the April 8th eclipse was such that the views of totality mighthavealsoincludedeasysight- ings of Jupiter and Venus, both prominent and prominently placed inthesoutheasternandsouthwest- ernskies.Thosewithalowwestern horizon, additional planning, and perhaps some magnification could haveaddedMarsandSaturntothat list.Therewaseventheremotepos- sibility of observing the so-called “Devil Comet,” 12P/Pons-Brooks, near Jupiter during totality. While itmighthavebeendifficultforany- onetotaketheireyesoffoftheco- rona to observe anything other than the fully-obscured disc of the Sun, the sky contained may other well-placed visual delights, all still observable thanks to simple re- flected sunlight. NASA was a prominent force in pro- moting outreach for the eclipse, co- ordinating citizen science efforts during the eclipse, and addressing solar safety prior to the eclipse. The NASA Solar System Ambassador program, a volunteer effort that provides schools, libraries, andother interested parties with local technical astronomy and space sci- ence expertise, hosted 37 lectures specifically for the eclipse just within the author’s Central/Western New York area. The NASA Science Editorial Team reports that over 36,000 people provided over 60,000 observations and datapoints to multiplecitizenscienceprojects.For thosewiththeirsmartphoneatthe ready, the GLOBE Observer Project provideddataaboutenvironmental changes during the eclipse, while the SunSketcher Project members tookpicturesofBailey’sbeadsinef- forts to better determine the size and shape of the Sun. To the cell- phone-focused GLOBE Observerand SunSketcher projects, several projectsinvolvingtelescopes,DSLR cameras,andHAMradioswerealso NASA-sponsored, including Ham- SCI, Eclipse Soundscapes, the Eclipse Megamovie, CATE 2024, and the Dynamic Eclipse Broadcast Initia- tive. While a total eclipse provides great opportunity to promote such efforts to a wider audience, there are a multitude of citizen science programs currently awaiting in- volvement and contributions from the general public − you are en- couraged to consider contributing! Moreinfo:https://science.nasa.gov/ citizen-science/      راﺻﺪو ـﺪﻳﻬﻢ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء اﻟﻜﺴﻮف ﻳﺮﻓﻌـﻮن أ ﻋﻠـﻰ أﻣـﻞ أن ﺗﺘﻔـﺮق اﻟﻐﻴـﻮم ﻓــﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻨـﺔ دوﻧﻜــ ك ﺑﻮﻻ ﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك ] Elizabeth Frantz/Reuters [. ﰲ ﺣ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﺴﻮﻓ ﺎت اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻜﻠﻴـ ﺔ ﺗـ ﱰاوح ﻣـﻦ ا ﺜـ ة ﻟﻺﻋﺠـﺎب إﱃ ة ﻣﺘﻐـ ا ﻟﺤﻴﺎة، ﻓﺈن ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻛﺴﻮف 8 أﺑﺮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺬي ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺘﻀـﻤﻦ أ ﻳﻀـﺎً ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪات اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ أﻳﻀًﺎ رؤﻳـﺔ ﺳـﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ا ﺸ ﱰي واﻟﺰﻫﺮة، وﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ واﺿﺢ ﺟـﻮد وﻣﻮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑ ـ ﺎرز ﰲ اﻟﺠ ـ ﻨﻮب اﻟﴩ ﻗﻲ واﻟﺠﻨـﻮب اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ أو وﻟﺌـﻚ اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻟـﺪﻳﻬﻢ أﻓـﻖ ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ ﻄـ وﺗﺨ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻴﻂ إﺿـﺎﰲ ورﺑﻤـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺘﻜ ﺒـ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﻢ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ا ﺮﻳﺦ وزﺣﻞ إﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑـ ا ﺬﻧﺐ " اﻟﱪﻛﺎﻧﻲ " 12P/ ﺑﺮوﻛﺲ - ﺑﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺸﱰي أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ . ﰲ ﺣ أﻧﻪ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﲆ أي ﺷﺨﺺ أن ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺻﺪ ﻟ أي ﳾء آﺧﺮ ﻏ ﻗ ـﺮص اﻟﺸ ـﻤﺲ ا ﺤﺠــﻮب ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ـ ﺎ، إﻻ أن ا ﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋ ﲆ ﻣﺒﺎﻫﺞ ﺑﴫﻳﺔ أﺧﺮى ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﻴﺪ وﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ا ﻨﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ . ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻗـﻮة ﺑـﺎرزة ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳـﺰ اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴـﻮف وﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﺠﻬﻮد اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤـﻮاﻃﻨ أﺛﻨـﺎء اﻟﻜﺴﻮف وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﺒـﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف . اﺳﺘﻀﺎف ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ " ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﺳـﻮﻻر ﺳﻴ ﺴﺘﻢ اﻣﺒﺎﺳﺪور " وﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻲ ﻳﺰود ا ﺪارس وا ﻜﺘﺒﺎت واﻟﺠﻬﺎت ا ﻬﺘﻤﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﻟﺨﱪة اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ا ﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ وﻋﻠـﻮم اﻟﻔﻀﺎء، 37 ﻣﺤﺎﴐ ة ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺴـﻮف داﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ وﺳﻂ ﻏـﺮب ﻧﻴﻮﻳـﻮرك اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻬﺎ ا ﺆﻟﻒ . أﻓﺎد ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ أن أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ 36000 ﺷـﺨﺺ ﻗﺪﻣ ﻮا أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 60000 رﺻﺪ وﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ـﺸ ﺎرﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺘ ـ ﻌﺪدة ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻃﻨ . ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻫـﻮاﺗﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﻛﻴـﺔ ﻋـﲆ أﻫﺒـﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳـﻮﻓ ـ ﺮ ﻣـ "ﴩوع ﻏﻠﻮﺑـﺎل اوﺑﺰورﻓﺮ " ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺣـﻮ ل اﻟﺘﻐـ ات اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﺴﻮف ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﻂ أﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﴩـوع " ﺻﻦ ﺳﻜــﻴﺘﴩ اً ﺻـﻮر " ﻟﺨـﺮزات ﺑـﻴﲇ ﰲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ وﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀــﻞ . ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴــﺒﺔ ﺸــﺎرﻳﻊ " ﻏﻠﻮﺑ ــﺎل اوﺑﺰورﻓﺮ "و " " ﺻﻦ ﺳﻜـﻴﺘﴩ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺮﻛـﺰ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻬﻮاﺗﻒ ا ﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﱃ ذﻟ ﻚ ﺗﻤـﺖ رﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺪة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت و اﻟ ﻜﺎﻣ ات اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ واﻧﺸـﻄﺔ رادﻳﻮ اﻟﻬﻮاة . إ ن اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮﺻ ﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺠﻬﻮد ﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر أوﺳﻊ إﻻ أن ﻫﻨـﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻮم ا ﻮاﻃﻨ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ ﺎً ا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ وا ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻧﺸﺠﻌﻚ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻔﻜ ﰲ ا ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ! ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت : ttps://science.n sa.gov /citizen-science/ 9 - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4