Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

build temples and pyramids to ap- pease the wrath of the gods. For us astrophotographers, totality wasalsothebeginningofafrenetic and stressful activity. Magnificent protuberancesadornedtheedgeof the dark disk, visible to the naked eye.Ofcourse,youmustremember to remove the filter in front of the telescope and take photos to high- light both the protuberances, with a short exposure times (from ap- proximately1/1000to1/2000,at100 ISO), and the more-or-less extended corona,withlongerexposures(from 1/500 up to 1/25). However,theveilofcloudsattenu- ated the outermost corona, which only barely appears in the photos, mixed with the reflection on the clouds. This same veil also pre- vented us from seeing the flying shadows, just before totality, seen so well in 2017. On the camera screenonthebackofmy60mmre- fractor, the cirrus clouds gliding gentlyeastwardinfrontoftheSun, createdasparkleofthesolarcorona andaddingasurprisingelement to this eclipse. The duration of 4 minutes and 12 seconds at our ob- servation site may seem long, but everyonewhowasbusytakingpho- tosfoundthatitpassedtooquickly wide field of the eclipse shows the planet Venus, made visible thanks to the darkening of the sky during the totality phase. [F. Blateyron] becausewewerebusychoosingthe right settings on the cameras. Between one photo and another,one must also remember to raise your head to appreciate the show with your own eyes! The most far- sighted observers prepare a sound- track that describes the moment of the eclipse in detail, so as not to be surprised by the passage of time. Even though we know that we must prepare well, we never manage to apply the planned program at the moment of totality. Thesuddenappearanceofthesec- ond diamond, to the right of the Sun, decreed the end of totality, takingusbysurprise!Justenough time to replace the filter, and the clamor of joy and applause re- soundedonthebeach.Afeeling of relief and emotion invaded us, relieved to have been able to see this beautiful eclipse despite the cloudyveil.Justthedaybefore,we thought we would resign ourselves totheideathatperhapstheclouds would ruin our trip. For my part, it was my third total eclipse, and I'm already thinking about the next one, in 2026, in Spain,orperhapsinIceland,thenin 2027,inEgypt,foroneofthelong- esttotalities:6minutesand30sec- onds. In our group, some were on theirseventhortentheclipse!Any- one who has seen one in good con- ditioncanonlywanttoseeanother. Curiously,thepartialphasefollowing the totality seems significantly less important.Severalparticipantshad already collected their equipment, othersstayeduntiltheend.Wehad leftfortheeclipse,butalsotovisit Mexico for two weeks, and see the mostbeautifularchaeologicalsites, from the Pacific coast to the tip of theYucatán,discoveringtheculture, gastronomy, and craftsmanship of each of the regions we crossed. We were finally able to breathe and enjoythejourney,whilealsofinding timetoprocessournumerousphotos andwritetheserows. ► A ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 7 ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ا ﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ا ﻌﺎﺑﺪ واﻷﻫﺮاﻣﺎت ﻟﺘﻬﺪﺋﺔ ﻏﻀـﺐ اﻵﻟﻬـﺔ ﺑﺎ . ﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻧﺤـﻦ ا ﺼﻮرﻳﻦ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺎط ﻣﺤﻤﻮم وﻣﺮﻫﻖ . ﺗﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﺘـﻮءات راﺋﻌﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮص ا ﻈﻠﻢ، وﻳﻤﻜـ ﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ا . ﺠﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ إزاﻟـﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﱰ ا ﻮﺟﻮد أﻣﺎم اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب واﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﺻﻮر ﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﲆ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺘـﻮءات ﻣـﻊ أوﻗـﺎت ﺗﻌـﺮﻳﺾ ﻗﺼـ ة ﻣـﻦ ) 1/ 1000 إﱃ 1/ 2000 ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًـﺎ، ﻋﻨ ـﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳ ـﻴﺔ اﻟﻀ ـﻮء اﻻﻳﺰو ) ( 100 وأﻛﺜﺮ أو أﻗﻞ اﻟﻬﺎﻟﺔ ا ﻤﺘﺪة ﻣـﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎت أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ ) 1/500 إﱃ 1/ .(25 ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻘﺪ أدى ﻏﻄـﺎء اﻟﻐﻴـﻮم إﱃ إﺿـﻌﺎف اﻟﻬﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴ ﺗﻻ ﺘﻲ ، اﻟﺔ ﻈﻬـﺮ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻜـﺎد ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮر ﺔ ﻣﻤﺰوﺟ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﻐﻴﻮم وﻗـﺪ ﻣﻨﻌ ﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﻴﻮم ﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻬ أﻳﻀـ ﺎً ﻣـﻦ رؤﻳـﺔ اﻟﻈﻼل ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ ﻣﺒﺎﴍةً ﻮ ﻣـﺎ وﻫ ﺗﻢ رؤﻳﺘﻪ ﺟﻴـﺪ اً ﰲ ﻋـﺎم 2017 ﻋـﲆ ﺷﺎﺷـﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣ ا ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺠـﺰ ء اﻟﺨﻠﻔـﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻛﺎﴎ ﻣﻘﺎس 60 ﻣﻢ اﻟﻐﻴﻮم ﺧﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﻠﻄﻒ ﴍﻗًﺎ أﻣﺎم اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ اً ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺎً راﺋﻌـ ﻣـﻊ ﺗـﺄﻟﻖ اﻟﻬﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴ ﺔ وإﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﴫﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻜﺴﻮف . ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻣﺪة 4 دﻗـﺎﺋﻖ و 12 ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺸﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘـﺎط اﻟﺼﻮر وﺟﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮت ﺑـ ﺔ ﻛﺒـ ة ﻷﻧﻨـﺎ ﴪﻋ ـ اﻧﺸــﻐﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴــﺎر اﻹﻋــﺪادات اﻟﺼــﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣ ات . ﺑ ﺻﻮرة وأﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ أن ﺗﺘـﺬﻛﺮ أﻳﻀـ أن ﺎً ﺗﺮﻓﻊ رأﺳﻚ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮض ﺑـﺄم ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻚ ! ﻳﻘﻮم أﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺈﻋﺪاد ﻣﻘﻄـ ﻊ ﺻـﻮﺗﻲ ﻳﺼﻒ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﺴـﻮف ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺟﺄ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﺰﻣﻦ وﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺠـﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﺪا اً د ﺟﻴـﺪ إﻻ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ أﺑﺪ اً ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ا ﺨﻄـﻂ ﻟـﻪ ﰲ ﻟﺤﻈ ـﺔ اﻻﻛﺘﻤــﺎل إ. ن اﻟﻈﻬ ـﻮر ا ﻔ ـﺎﺟﺊ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻳﻤ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ أﻋﻠـﻦ ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺟﺄﻧﺎ ! ﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺳﻮى ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻻﺳـﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻔﻠـﱰ ودوت أﺻﻮات اﻟﻔﺮح واﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﻖ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ . ﺗﻈﻬــﺮ ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ذات اﻟ اﻟ ﻤﺠـــﺎل ﻮاﺳـــﻊ ﻣـــﻦ ﻛﺴـــﻮف اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ ـــ أﺻـــﺒﺢ ﻣﺮ ﻮﻛـــﺐ اﻟﺰﻫـــﺮة اﻟـــﺬ ﺎ ﻔﻀﻞ ﻇﻼم ا ﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟ ﻠﻲ ] F. Blateyron [ . اﺟﺘﺎﺣﻨﺎ ﺷﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻻرﺗﻴﺎح واﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ارﺗﺎﺣﻨـﺎ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ رؤﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻞ رﻏـﻢ اﻟﺤﺠﺎب اﻟﻐﺎﺋ . ﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻴـﻮم اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ اﻋﺘﻘـﺪﻧﺎ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﺳﻨﺴﺘﺴـﻠﻢ ﻟﻔﻜﺮة أن اﻟﺴﺤﺐ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺴﺪ رﺣﻠﺘﻨﺎ . ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ، ﻛﺎ ن ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﱄ وأﻧﺎ أﻓﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺴـﻮف اﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ﰲ ﻋـﺎم 2026 ﰲ إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ أو رﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ أﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪا ﺛﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺎم 2027 ﰲ ﻣﴫ ﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻃﻮل اﻟﻜﺴـﻮﻓﺎت اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ :6 و دﻗﺎﺋﻖ 30 ﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛ . ﰲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻨﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺾﰲ ﻛﺴﻮﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ أو اﻟﻌﺎﴍ ! أي ﺷﺨﺺ رأى ﻛﺴـﻮﻓﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ أن ﻳﺮﻏـﺐ ﰲ رؤﻳـﺔ اﻵﺧـﺮ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ أن ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﲇ ـــــ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﻜﲇ ﺗﺒﺪو أﻗﻞ أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ . ﻛـﺎن اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺸﺎرﻛ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻤﻌـﻮا ﻣﻌـﺪاﺗﻬﻢ واﺟﻬـﺰﺗﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ آﺧﺮون ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏﺎدرﻧﺎ ﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﻜﺴـﻮف وﻟﻜـﻦ أﻳ ﺎً ﻀـ ﻟﺰﻳﺎرة ا ﻜﺴﻴﻚ ﺪة أﺳﺒﻮﻋ ورؤﻳـﺔ أﺟﻤـﻞ ا ﻮاﻗﻊ اﻷﺛﺮ ﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺣ ﻞ ا ﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬـﺎدئ إﱃ ﻃﺮف ﻳﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎن و اﻟﻘﻴـﺎم ﺑ ﺎﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ ا ﺤﻠﻴﺔ وﻓﻦ اﻟﻄﻬﻲ واﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻄ ﻘـﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﱪﻧﺎﻫﺎ . ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻨـﺎ أﺧـ ًا ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘـﻨﻔﺲ واﻻرﺗﻴـﺎح واﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ إﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم ﺑ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﺻـﻮرﻧﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪة ا ﻠﺘﻘﻄـﺔ وﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4