Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

Polarimetric High-contrast Exo- planetREsearchinstrument(SPHERE) mounted on ESO’s VLT. SPHERE’s state-of-the-art extreme adaptive optics system corrects for the turbulent effects of Earth’s at- mosphere,yieldingcrispimagesof the discs. This meant the team were able to image discs around stars withmassesaslowashalfthemass of the Sun, which are typically too faint for most other instruments availabletoday.Additionaldatafor thesurveywereobtainedusingthe VLT’s X-shooter instrument, which allowed astronomers to determine how young and how massive thestars are. The Atacama Large Mil- limeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), in which ESO is a partner, on the otherhand,helpedtheteamun- derstand more about the amount of dust sur- rounding some of the stars. Astechnologyadvances, theteamhopestodelve even deeper into the heart of planet-forming systems. The large 39- metre mirror of ESO’s forthcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), forexample,willenable theteamtostudythein- nermost regions around youngstars,whererocky planets like our own might be forming. Fornow,thesespectacu- lar images provide re- searcherswithatreasure trove of data to help un- pick the mysteries of planet formation. “It is almost poetic that the processes that mark the start of the journey towards forming plan- etsandultimatelylifein our own Solar System should be so beautiful,” concludes Per-Gunnar Valegård, a doctoral student at the Univer- sity of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, who ledthe Orion study. Valegård, who is also a part-time teacher at the InternationalSchoolHil- versum in the Nether- lands,hopestheimages will inspire his pupils to becomescientistsinthe future.    ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 45 أﻗﺮاص ﺗﺸ ﻞ اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺎ ﺔ وﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ داﺧﻞﺳﺤﺎ ﺔ ﺎﻣﻠﻴﻮن I اﻟﻐﻨ ﺔ ﺎﻟﻐﺎز، ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 600 ﺳـﻨﺔ ــــ ﺿــــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺎً ﻣــــﻦ اﻷرض . ﺗــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘــــﺎط اﻟﺼــــﻮر اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠــــﺔ ﻟﻸﻗــــﺮاص ﺎﺳــــﺘﺨﺪام أداة أﺑﺤــــﺎث اﻟ ﻮ اﻛــــﺐ ــــﺔ اﻟﻨ ﻤ ) SPHERE ( ـــﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺜ ﺘـــﺔ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ـــﺔ اﻟﺘ ـــﺔ ﻋﺎﻟ ـــﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺒ اﻟﻄ ﻔ اﻟ ﺘﻠﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـــ ﺟـــﺪ .ا ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻤ ﻤـــﻞ رﺻـــﺪ اﻟﻔﺮ ـــﻖ 20 ﻧ ﻤـــﺎ ﻓـــﻲﻣﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ ـــﺎﻣ ﻠﻮن واﻛﺘﺸـــﻒ أﻗﺮاﺻـــ ﺎ ﺣـــﻮل 13 . ﺎ ﻧ ﻤـــ ﺗُﻈﻬـــﺮﺻـــﻮراﻟـــ ـ ﺨﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻣﺸـــﻬﺪ اً ﺎﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟـــ ـ ﻤﺮاء ـــﺎﻣﻠﻴﻮن I ﺗـــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃـــﮫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻫ ﺷﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ] ESO/C. Ginski et al.; ESA/Herschel [ . ﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أداة اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ واﻻﺳـﺘﻘﻄﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﻌ ـﺎﱄ اﻟﺘﺒ ـﺎﻳﻦ ) SPHERE ( ا ﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪاً اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ . ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻟﺒـ ـ ﴫﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔـﺎﺋﻖ ــــــ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑـ SPHERE ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺼـﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ات ا ﻀﻄﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟـﻸرض ﻣ ﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺗﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻟﻸﻗﺮاص وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻛـﺎن ﻗـﺎدر اً ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ أﻗﺮاص ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ذا ت ﻛﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻋـﺎدةً ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻜـﻮن ـ ـــ اً ﺟﺪ ﺔﻫﺘ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻌﻈـﻢ اﻷدوات اﻷﺧـﺮى ا ﺘﺎﺣـﺔ اﻟﻴـﻮم . ﺗـﻢ اﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋـﲆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺢ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ) ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف اﻛـﺲ ا (ﺷﻮﺗﺮ ﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﺪ ﻳـﺪ ﻣـﺪى ﺷـﺒﺎب اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧـﺮى ــ ﻓــﺈن ﻣﺼــﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣــﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ـ ة ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ ﺗﺤ ـﺖ / ﻳ ـﺔ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳﺔ ( أ ﺎ) اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸـﺎر ك ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ ا ﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘــﺪم اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﻳﺄﻣــﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻌﻤـﻖ أﻛﺜ ـﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺐ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻋﲆ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ ا ﺜـﺎل ﺳـﺘﻤﻜﻦ ا ـﺮآة اﻟﻜﺒ ـ ة اﻟﺘ ـﻲ ﻳﺒﻠ ـﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ 39 اً ﱰ ﻣ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻌﻤــﻼق اﻟﻘــﺎدم اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻣـﻦ دراﺳـﺔ أﻋﻤـﻖ ﻟ ﻠﻤﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﺣــﻮل اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﺸـﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ . وﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﱄ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼﻮر ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﻛﻨﺰ ا ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻋﺪة ﰲ ﻛﺸــــﻒ أﴎار ﺗﻜــــﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ . رﺑﻤﺎ اﻟﺸـﺎﻋﺮي أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻤﺜـﻞ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ا ﻄﺎف ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸـ ﻤﴘ ـ ﺟﻤﻴﻠـﺔ ﺟـﺪ . «اً ﻳﺨﺘـﺘﻢ ﺑـ ﻏﻮﻧــﺎر ﻓﺎﻟﻴﺠــﺎرد ﻃﺎﻟــﺐ اﻟــــﺪﻛﺘ ﻮراه ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــــﺔ أﻣﺴﱰدام ﺑﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪا واﻟﺬي ﻗﺎد دراﺳﺔ أورﻳﻮن . ﻓﺎﻟﻴﺠﺎرد ﻳﻌﻤﻞ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﺎً ﻣﺪرﺳ ﻤﺑ ﺪرﺳﺔ ﻫﻴﻠﻔﺮﺳ ﻮم اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﻮﻟﻨــﺪا ﻳﺄﻣــﻞ أن ﺗﻠﻬــﻢ ﺻـﻮره ﺗﻼﻣﻴ ـﺬه ﻟﻴﺼ ـﺒﺤﻮا ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4