Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

distance, means NGC 604 gives as- tronomers an opportunity to study these objects at a fascinating time early in their life. In Webb’s near-infrared NIRCam im- age, the most noticeable features are tendrils and clumps of emission that appear bright red, extendingout from areas that look like clear- ings, or large bubbles in the nebula. Stellar winds from the brightest and hottestyoungstarshavecarvedout thesecavities,whileultravioletradi- ation ionizes the surrounding gas. This ionized hydrogen appears as a white and blue ghostly glow. The bright orange-colored streaks in the Webb near-infrared image sig- nify the presence of carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aro- matic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. This material plays an important role in the interstellar medium and the for- mationofstarsandplanets,butits origin is a mystery. As you travel farther from theimmediateclearings of dust, the deeper red signifies molecular hy- drogen.Thiscoolergasis aprimeenvironmentfor star formation. Webb’s exquisiteresolutionalso provides insights into featuresthatpreviously appeared unrelated to the main cloud. For ex- ample,inWebb’simage, there are two bright, young stars carving out holes in dust above the central nebula, con- nected through diffuse red gas. In visible-light imaging from NASA’s HubbleSpaceTelescope, theseappearedassepa- rate splotches. Webb’s view in mid-in- fraredwavelengthsalso illustrates a new per- spectiveintothediverse and dynamic activity of this region. In the MIRI view of NGC 604, there are noticeably fewer stars.Thisisbecausehot starsemitmuchlesslight at these wavelengths, while the larger clouds of cooler gas and dust glow. Some of the stars seen in this image, be- longingtothesurround- ing galaxy, are red supergiants – stars that are cool but very large, hundreds of times the diameter of our Sun. Additionally, some of the background galaxies that appeared in the NIRCam image also fade. In theMIRIimage,thebluetendrilsof material signify the presence of PAHs. NGC 604 is estimated to be around 3.5 million years old. The cloud of glowing gases extends to some1,300light-yearsacross.     ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 40 ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺎﻣ ا ﻟ( ﻣ ي) ﺘﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ) أداة اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ( ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺸ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم NGC604 ﻏﻴﻮﻣﺎً ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟ ﺎرد واﻟﻐ ﺎرﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻓﻲ أﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﺎت اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ ﻫــﺬ . ﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻫــﻲﻣﺮـﻊ ﻟﺘﺸـ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وﻣــﻮﻃﻦ ﻷﻛـ ﻣــﻦ 200 ﻣـﻦ أﻛــ أﻧـﻮاع اﻟﻨﺠــﻮمﺳـﺨﻮﻧﺔ وﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺔ و ﻠﻬـﺎ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣـﻞ اﻷوﻟــﻰ ﻣـﻦﺣ ﺎﺗﻬـﺎ . ـﺎﻣ ا ﻓـﻲﺻــﻮرة ﻟـــ ( ﻣــ ي ) NGC 604 ، ﻼﺣــﻆ ﻋـﺪد اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم أﻗـﻞ ﻣــﻦ ﺻــﻮرة ـــﺎﻣ ا ــــﺎم ) ﻧ ( اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬـــﺎ اﻟــــ ــــﺐ ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮب و وذﻟـــﻚ ﻷن اﻟﻨﺠــــﻮم اﻟﺴــــﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺗ ﻌـــﺚﺿــــﻮ ءًا أﻗــــﻞ ﻜﺜـــ ﻋﻨــــﺪ ﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻷﻃــــﻮال ـﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟ . ﻌــﺾ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮمﻫــﻲﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘـﺔ ﻤــﺮاء ﺿــ ﻤﺔ ــﺎردة وﻟﻜﻨﻬــﺎ ﻛﺒــ ة ﺟـﺪاً وﻫــﻲ ﻧﺠـﻮم وﻳ ﻠــﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫــﺎ ﻣﺌـﺎت اﻟﻤــﺮات ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﺗﺸ اﻟﻤﺤ ﺎء ﺰرﻗ اﻟ ﺎﻟﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة إﻟﻰوﺟﻮد اﻟﻬ ﺪروﻛﺮﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟ ـ . ﺤﻠﻘﺎت ﺗ ﻤـﻨﺢ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﰲ وﻗﺖ راﺋ ﺧﻼل ﻊ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ دورة .ﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬ وﰲ ﺻﻮرة ﻛﺎﻣ ا ) ﻧ ﻛـﺎم ﻟ ( ﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ، ﻓـﺈن أﺑـﺮز اﻟﺴـﻤﺎت ﻫـﻲ ا ﺤﻼق وﻛﺘﻞ اﻻ ﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻠﻮن أﺣﻤﺮ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ وﺗﻤﺘﺪ إﱃ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺒـﺪو وﻛﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ أو ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎت ﻛﺒـ ة ﰲ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ . وﻗﺪ ﻧﺤﺘﺖ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻘﺎدﻣـﺔ ـﻦ اﻟ ـﻣ ﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎُ وﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﺠـﺎوﻳﻒ، ﰲ ﺣـ أن اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﻓـﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﻳﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ . ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ا ﺘﺄﻳﻦ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﻫﺞ ﺷـﺒﺤﻲ أﺑـﻴﺾ وأزرق . ﺗﺸـ اﻟﺨﻄـﻮط اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﺰاﻫﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻸﺷﻌ ﻟ وﻳﺐ ﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒ ـﺔ إﱃ وﺟـﻮد ﺟﺰﻳﺌ ـﺎت ذات أﺳـﺎس ﻛﺮﺑــﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت وﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﻫﺬه ا ـﺎدة دورًا ﻣﻬﻤــﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺳـﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺠﻤــﻲ وﺗﻜــﻮﻳﻦ ـ اﻟﻨ ﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻟ ـ ﻜﻦ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳ ـ ﺰال ﻟﻐﺰ .اً ــــ وﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺗﺴـﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪًا ﻋـﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺒـﺎﴍة ﻳﺸ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ اﻷﻋﻤـﻖ إﱃ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ إن . ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﱪد ﻫـﻮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﺗﻮﻓﺮ دﻗﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ أﻳﻀًـﺎ رؤى ﺣﻮل اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪت ﺎً ﺳـــﺎﺑﻘ ﻏـــ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄـــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻌـﲆ ﻓ ﺳــﺒﻴﻞ ا ﺜــﺎل ﰲ ﺻــﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﺠﻤﺎن ﺷــﺎﺑﺎن ﻻﻣﻌــﺎن ﻳﺤﻔــﺮان ﺎً ﺛﻘﻮﺑ ﰲ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰي وﻳﺘﺼﻼن ﻋﱪ ﻏـﺎز أﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﻨ ﺘﴩـ وﰲ اﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ ـﻮء ا ﺮﺋ ـﻲ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺗ ﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻇﻬﺮت ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼ .ﻞ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ رؤﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﻸﻃـﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴ ـﺔ ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ اً ﻣﻨﻈــﻮر اً ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺸــﺎط ا ﺘﻨﻮع واﻟـﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻬـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘــﺔ . ﺗﻈﻬــﺮ ﺻــﻮرة ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻣ ي ﻟــ NGC 604 ﻋﺪد أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﺤـﻮظ وذﻟـﻚ ﻷن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺚ ﺿـﻮءًا أﻗـﻞ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﻃـﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﺑﻜﺜ ـ ﻋﻨ ـﺪ ﻫــﺬه اﻷﻃــﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴــﺔ، ﺑﻴﻨﻤــﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻷﻛـﱪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺒﺎرد واﻟﻐﺒﺎر . ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﻐﻴﻮم اﻷ ﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﺒﺎرد واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻌﺾﺑ إن . اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤ ﻲ إﱃ ا ﺠﺮة ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﺣﻤﺮاء ﺿﺨﻤﺔ و ﺑﻌﺾ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ ﺻـﻮرة ) ﻛـﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛـﺎم ( ﺗﺘﻼﳽ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻮرة .( ﻣ ي ) ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻳ ﺸ ا ﺤﻼق اﻷزرق ﻮﺟﻮد ﻟ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت . ﻳﻘﺪر ﻋﻤﺮ NGC 604 ﺑﺤﻮاﱄ 3.5 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ و ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻐـﺎزات ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺔ إﱃ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 1300 . ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4