Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

O An eclipse in the landofthetemples oftheSun byFrançoisBlateyron revisedbyDamianG.AllisNA SASolarSystemAmbassador nApril8,atotalsolareclipse crossed the North American continent,fromthePacific coast of Mexico to Quebec, pass- ingthroughTexas,andmanystates in the eastern United States. This eclipse, with a phase of totality of approximately4minutesand25sec- onds,thereforeaffectedtensofmil- lions of people, particularly in the UnitedStates,whohadalreadywit- nessedtheprevioustotaleclipseof 21August2017andtheannular eclipseof14October2023. A few weeks earlier, climate models predicted better chances for clear skies south of the path, in Mexico and Texas, and less favorable condi- tionstothenorth.Buttheweather forecast for the days before the eclipse showed an almost opposite reality,withcloudyskiesinMexico, storm clouds in Texas, and finally clearweatherinCanada!Amateurs whomadethejourneyfoundin- creased stress in the hours leadingup to the eclipse, with numerous ar- guments over where the clearest point along the path was. Some had traveledhundredsofkilometersthe MAY-JUNE2024 ﻛﺴــــــــــــــــــــــــﻮفﻓــــــــــــــــــــــــﻲ أرض ﻣﻌﺎ ﺪ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮا ﻼﺗ ون ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ : داﻣ ﺎن ﺟﻲ أﻟ ﺲ ﺳﻔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻋـ ﻛﺴﻮف ا ﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻜﲇ ﰲ 8 أﺑﺮﻳﻞ ﻗﺎرة أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ا ﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﺎ دئ ﰲ ا ﻜﺴـﻴﻚ إﱃ ﻛﻴﺒﻴ ـﻚ ﻣ ـﺮور ا ﺑﺘﻜﺴ ـﺎس واﻟﻌﺪﻳ ـﺪ ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﻮﻻﻳ ـﺎت ﰲ ﴍق اﻟﻮﻻﻳ ـﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة ﻘﺪﻟ . ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺴﻮف اﻟﺬي ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 4 دﻗـﺎﺋﻖ و 25 ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ـ ﻋﲆ ﻋ ﴩات ا ﻼﻳ ﻣﻦ اﻷ ﺷـﺨﺎص واﻟﺮاﺻﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳـﺒﻖ أن ﺷﻬﺪوا ﻛﺴﻮف اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻜﲇ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﰲ 21 أﻏﺴ ـﻄﺲ 2017 ﺑﻌــﺪ ذﻟــﻚ ﻛﺴــﻮف اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ ﺎرﻳﺦـﺑﺘ 14 أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2023 . ﻈﻬــــــﺮ ـــــــﺪ ﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟﻌﺪ اﻟﺸــــــﻮا ظ اﻟﺮاﺋـــــــﻊ أﺛﻨـــــــﺎء اﻟﻜﺴــﻮف ﻷن اﻟﻘﻤـــﺮﻳﺤﺠــﺐﺳـــﻄﻮع اﻟﺸـــﻤﺲ . ﻳ ﻠــﻎ ﻗﻄـــﺮﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﺘـــﻮءات أرﻌـــﺔ إﻟـــﻰ ﻤﺴـــﺔ أﺿﻌﺎفﻗﻄﺮاﻷرض . وﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ أﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺗﻨﺒﺄت اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ا ﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﺑﻔ ﺮص أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﺻـﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﻮب ا ﺴﺎر ﰲ ا ﻜﺴ ﻴﻚ وﺗﻜﺴﺎس وﻇﺮوف أﻗﻞ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎ ل وﻗﺪ أﻇﻬﺮت ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻟﻸﻳﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﻛﺴﻮف اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣ ﻊ ﺳـﻤﺎء ﻣﻠﺒـﺪة ﺑـﺎﻟﻐﻴﻮم ﰲ ا ﻜﺴـﻴﻚ وﺳـﺤﺐ ﻋﺎﺻـﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺴﺎس وأﺧ ًا ﻃﻘﺲ ﺻﺎفٍ ﰲ ﻛﻨﺪا ! ﻟﻘـﺪ ﻫﻮاة وﺟﺪ ﺎﻣﻮا ـ ﺬﻳﻦ ﻗ ـاﻟ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺎً ﺿﻐﻄ ﺪاً ﻣﺘﺰاﻳـ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺳـﺒﻘﺖ اﻟﻜﺴﻮف ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪل ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻮل ﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أوﺿﺢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل ا ﺴﺎر و ﺪ ﻗ ﺎﻓﺮ ﺳ ﺾﺑﻌ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪﻳﻦ ﺎت ﺌـﻣ ـ اﻟﻜ ﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰات - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4